tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-66496793495322157232024-02-06T21:13:53.608-08:00The Definition of a HorseFolderolhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00674335938397735100noreply@blogger.comBlogger9125tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6649679349532215723.post-16709216487200618632011-05-24T04:31:00.000-07:002011-05-24T08:49:50.919-07:00Hamas' Two State Solution<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">In a recent British Foreign Affairs Committee report, one of the people giving evidence asserted that “Hamas is committed to a two-state solution [and…] is not committed to the destruction of the state of Israel”<a name="_ftnref1"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftn1" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref1"><span style="color:blue">[1]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref1"></span> This even surprised the head of Foreign Affairs Committee and prompted the person giving evidence to send in written evidence for his assertion.<a name="_ftnref2"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftn2" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref2"><span style="color:blue">[2]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref2"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref2"></span> This is simply not borne out by the facts.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">The Charter</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">The land of Palestine is an “Islamic waqf [Holy possession]” and “no one can renounce it or any part, or abandon it or any part of it.” It also states that “[Peace] initiatives, and so-called peaceful solutions and international conferences are in contradiction to the principles of the Islamic Resistance Movement... There is no solution for the Palestinian problem except by Jihad.” It states that Palestine must be turned into an Islamic state. And just to knock the nail on the coffin of a two-state solution: “'Israel will exist and will continue to exist until Islam will obliterate it, just as it obliterated others before it.”<a name="_ftnref3"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftn3" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref3"><span style="color:blue">[3]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref3"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref3"></span> However, this document was drafted in 1988, many commentators now suggest that Hamas have moved on and no longer use this as a platform.<a name="_ftnref4"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftn4" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref4"><span style="color:blue">[4]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref4"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref4"></span> Yet, Khaled Meshal, when asked if Hamas would rewrite its charter, he said “Not a chance.”<a name="_ftnref5"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftn5" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref5"><span style="color:blue">[5]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref5"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref5"></span> Maybe this is just to save face. Michael Broning, in a recent Foreign Affairs article, notes:</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">Although Hamas has not officially renounced the charter, no references to it can be found in any of the group's recent statements. Moreover, Hamas leaders, such as Mahmoud Ahmad al-Ramahi, the secretary-general of the Palestinian Legislative Council, have recently begun downplaying the charter's relevance by clarifying that "it should not be confused with the Holy Koran."</span><a name="_ftnref6"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftn6" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref6"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:blue;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">[6]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref6"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref6"></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">However, even if Broning is correct, the statements and actions of Hamas strongly indicate that its fundamental positions have not changed. And while the Charter has not been invoked as much, the fundamental principles have been affirmed. During their 23<sup>rd</sup></span><span style="font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:11.5pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri; color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">Anniversary, Hamas released a press statement which stated:</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">"Hamas has worked in accordance with the teachings written by Sheikh Ahmed Yassin and his companions who started the first spark of the blessed intifada... The statement stressed that Palestine from the sea to the river is the land of the Palestinians and that Hamas will never recognize the Israeli occupation state and will remain adherent to the resistance option until the liberation of Palestine and its holy sites.<a name="_ftnref7"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftn7" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref7"><span style="color:blue">[7]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref7"></span></a></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref7"></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">This is not a unique statement – there are further Hamas statements below.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">Hamas goes to Washington</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">A point must be emphasised: these statements were made to Western journalists. Hamas statements in Arabic are stronger and often issued when there is any hint that there is a move toward moderation (this will be shown in greater detail below). And when there is any hint, they will backtrack. So its worth keeping in mind that the following positions are their most moderate.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">The source for all the following interviews is ‘Interviews from Gaza’ – a series of interviews conducted by Roger Gaess (unless otherwise stated)<a name="_ftnref8"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftn8" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref8"><span style="color:blue">[8]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref8"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref8"></span>. Ahmed Yassin, the spiritual leader of Hamas, along with Rantissi were the main people who set Hamas up as a Palestinian wing of the Muslim Brotherhood.<a name="_ftnref9"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftn9" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref9"><span style="color:blue">[9]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref9"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref9"></span> In an interview, he stated the following;</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">All of Palestine is occupied. And there is an entity for the Zionist movement on Palestinian land which embodies apartheid. We want a place that absorbs Palestinian Muslims, Jews and others without differentiation.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:11.5pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri; color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">I accept the 1967 border as a stage of the struggle but not as the definitive solution because we still have the right to our land. My home is in Ashkelon [on what is now Israel's southern coast] and not within the 1967 boundaries and millions of refugees still have homes inside Israel.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="font-size:11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">Yassin then states that “recognition of an Israeli state is conditioned on their recognition of our rights,” in other words, until they have a state they are “not in a position to recognize Israel.”</span><span style="font-size:11.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:11.5pt;mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri; color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">Yassin is playing a game; for Israel to “recognise” their rights is for Israel to cease to exist. He will only speak about ‘recognition’ after withdrawal but the right of return is also in his proposal.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">Rantisi starts off relatively optimistically;</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">Q:</span></b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> Are there any conditions under which Hamas will freeze its armed struggle?<br /><br /><b>Rantisi:</b> An end of the occupation -- nothing else. Until the occupiers leave, we'll continue our struggle.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">But then when asked about whether the goal of Hamas is to end the occupation or replace Israel with a unitary state, he evades the question by saying that “We need to hear first about the goals of the Israelis” and that Hamas “shouldn't answer this question until the Israelis make their intentions known.” He continues to say:</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">The most important objective of Hamas is to end the tragedy of the Palestinians, a majority of whom are living in camps. We want to see our people live like other people everywhere -- living on their land, free of massacres, assassinations or siege. As for destroying Israel, we haven't the strength. So to speak as though we did is not at all logical.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">So practically, he is saying that he cannot destroy Israel but wants Palestinians who are living in camps to return to Israel – i.e. demographically destroy Israel. He goes on to debate why a Jewish state should not exist (for the purposes of insuring a right of return). Al Zahr toes the party line, elaborating on a few details;</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family: "Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">Negotiation is not our aim. Negotiation is a method. If the Israeli is ready to give us the national demand, to withdraw from the occupied area ‘67, to release our detainees, to stop their aggression, to make a geographic linkage between Gaza Strip and West Bank, at that time, and with assurance from other side, we are going to accept to establish our independent state at that time, and give up one or two, 10, 15 years time in order to see what is the real intention of Israel after that.<a name="_ftnref10"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftn10" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref10"><span style="color:blue">[10]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref10"></span></a></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref10"></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">Abu Shanab sets out almost the exact same policy. Like Rantisi he is asking for a state with a right of return and like Yassin he doesn’t want peace but a prolonged ceasefire – not peace or recognition. He goes on to say that they “have a right to all of Palestine” and that he cannot recognise Israel because (like Rantisi) they cannot recognise anything without a state but also because he cannot “waive” the right to the homeland. Interestingly, however, there is a flexibility of the right of return;</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">I assure you that not all those millions of Palestinians outside will want to come back. But they have that right, as symbolic of their having roots in this land. They long for the places their families came from. Flexibility on the refugees shouldn't mean evading Resolution 194, but there can be flexibility on how it is implemented. The Israelis, for instance, could accept 10,000, 20,000 the first year, the second . . ., and so on.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">Depending on your ideology, you may able to reconcile yourself with this point – it shows concession, or to others, it shows at least a somewhat realistic approach. However, what any reasonable person cannot reconcile them with is that all this does not come with peace. It comes with prolonged ceasefire. Not only does this not it in with the international formula of land for peace, but it is completely unrealistic that the Israelis will accept the plan – and nor should they. What all these officials are asking for is a right of return (in only one case, limited), 100% of the territory with no reciprocation but merely a decision to be made in 10-20 years.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">Zahar seemed to mentioned the possibility at the full acceptance of a two-state solution in a letter to Kofi Anan.<a name="_ftnref11"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftn11" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref11"><span style="color:blue">[11]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref11"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref11"></span> However, even that was short lived. According to Zahar, “such a sentence was not used in the letter" (this was also confirmed by Reuters).<a name="_ftnref12"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftn12" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref12"><span style="color:blue">[12]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref12"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref12"></span> In fact just months before he repeated the same ‘hudna-full-withdrawal line’<a name="_ftnref13"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftn13" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref13"><span style="color:blue">[13]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref13"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref13"></span> and in mid-2009 said that “Hamas adheres to the position that the [Palestinian] state must contain all the territory of Palestine”<a name="_ftnref14"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftn14" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref14"><span style="color:blue">[14]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref14"></span></a></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref14"></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">Meshal comes to Washington</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:12.0pt"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">The amount of times I have seen ‘Hamas accepts two-state solution’ and then the complete opposite becomes annoying and most of the time, Meshal is behind it. Before I move on to his positions, I just want to debunk a myth that people still seem to be barking on about: The ‘Hamas Document.’<a name="_ftnref15"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftn15" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref15"><span style="color:blue">[15]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref15"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref15"></span> The Hamas Document does not recognise the ’67 borders as the end of the road. It actually expresses its “commitment to the goal of dislodging the occupation, and the establishment of an independent, fully sovereign Palestinian state with its capital in Jerusalem.” There are two problems: it doesn’t say what occupation – which is tricky for Hamas given that their spiritual leader said “All of Palestine is occupied” and secondly, it doesn’t say this is all they want.<a name="_ftnref16"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftn16" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref16"><span style="color:blue">[16]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref16"></span></a></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref16"></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">Khaled Meshal position is, and this is his minimal demand, “the establishment of a Palestinian state, with Jerusalem as its capital, that has full sovereignty on the borders of 4 June 1967... the removal of all settlements and the achievement of the right of return"<a name="_ftnref17"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftn17" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref17"><span style="color:blue">[17]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref17"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref17"></span> Meshal also referred to Israel as a “reality”<a name="_ftnref18"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftn18" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref18"><span style="color:blue">[18]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref18"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref18"></span>Some have seen this as acceptance of a two-state solution. Accepting the fact that Israel is in control of an area of land is not accepting a two-state solution. For a peace treaty, it must recognise these borders as the end. Yet, all he says is that there will be a prolonged ceasefire for 10 years.<a name="_ftnref19"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftn19" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref19"><span style="color:blue">[19]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref19"></span></a></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref19"></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">However, there still seem to be commentators who suggest that Hamas have accepted a two-state solution. This is an excerpt from a South Jerusalem;</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">In the final paragraph of the excerpt below, the interviewer is essentially asking Meshaal if he isn’t still committed to the Hamas Charter of 1988, which leaves no room for Israel. Meshaal’s answer is: In my heart, of course I believe all of Palestine belongs to the Palestinians. But practically speaking, our political position is a de facto two-state solution.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">But what Meshal said is not nearly as sincere:</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt; font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; margin-left:36.0pt;text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">As for the claims that Hamas seeks to eradicate Israel, Meshaal said: “We are committed to the political platform on which we agreed with the other Palestinian forces and in convergence with Arab position… After that, whoever wants to recognize Israel or not, that would a matter of his personal convictions.<a name="_ftnref20"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftn20" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref20"><span style="color:blue">[20]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref20"></span></a></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref20"></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">Meaning that it does not accept a two state solution, but a establishment of a Palestinian state and then “whoever” wants to recognise Israel is a “matter of his personal [i.e. not political] convictions.” In any case, Meshal went back to toeing the same line in his latest interview.<a name="_ftnref21"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftn21" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref21"><span style="color:blue">[21]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref21"></span></a></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref21"></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">Hamas’ Referendum Proposal</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:normal">In December 2010, Hamas came out with one of their other 'resolutions' for the conflict. "Hamas will respect the results (of a referendum) regardless of whether it differs with its ideology and principles." Except, again, while this gave something for Western audiences to grab on to - it is not an acceptance of a two state solution. What followed was backtracking and a systematic denial by Hamas officials of any moderation. </p><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">Fristly, without looking at any subsequent source, if we look at what Haniyeh said it doesn't actually make any difference. This referendum thing was put about by Yassin in the 90s. As an Israeli official pointed out: "Haniya never explicitly said Hamas would be prepared to end its conflict with Israel in such a case." They will accept a state on the '67 borders but they don't say anything about after.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">And lest anyone think this is just a Zionist interpretation of his statements, in a subsequent interview from Haniyeh's political advisor, Yousseff Rizqa stated that: "So we should not exaggerate things... and it seems that Moshe Ya'alon was accurate when he said: 'Haniyeh's comments confirm that no change in the positions of Hamas'.." According to Firas Press, this is echoed by other Hamas analysts: "analysts of Hamas said that Haniyeh was based on the impossibility of holding the referendum in all regions of the Palestinian presence."<a name="_ftnref22"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftn22" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref22"><span style="color:blue">[22]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref22"></span></a></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref22"></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">There are also two speeches from al-Zahar; the first is from the 6th December; al-Zahar stated that "On the idea of a referendum on the al-Zahar stressed that Hamas does not accept any referendum on the constants... The referendum can be conducted on the mechanisms [modus operandi]... but not on ‘the holy places, faith, money, land or personal worth.’"</span><a name="_ftnref23"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftn23" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref23"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:blue;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">[23]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref23"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref23"></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> And, again, on the 9th December al-Zahar stated that on Hamas' website: "Hamas will continue and proceeed until the liberation of all Palestine from the Zionists... The constants [fundamentals] are not subject to human discretion, and our land is sacred is not subject to referendum or bargain or sale or purchase... we are your servants until the liberation of all Palestine."<a name="_ftnref24"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftn24" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref24"><span style="color:blue">[24]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref24"></span></a></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref24"></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">Firas Press also reported that Haniyeh's statements caused "anger." Then followed a statement by Haniyeh where he ‘clarified’ his position; "Ismail Haniyeh, head of the deposed government run by Hamas, said his movement will not give up the rights of the Palestinian people, and said that talk of an 'interim order' does not mean compromising with 'Palestinian principles.”</span><a name="_ftnref25"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftn25" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref25"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:blue;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">[25]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref25"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref25"></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> They key thing here is he is confirming what the Israeli official said: he's talking about an "interim" period; this is not acceptance of a peace deal.</span><a name="_ftnref26"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftn26" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref26"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:blue;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">[26]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref26"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref26"></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> It's a phased plan.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">Hamas in Arabia</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">As I stated above, the statements quoted above are mostly from the Western media and they mostly derive from interviews with Western journalists. What is ignored is the constant statements from Hamas in Arabic.</span><span style="font-size: 12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">I’m going to have to put all the statements in a spoiler because there are simply too many. You’ll notice that most of the references are to Arabic media outlets or quotes given to Arab audiences:</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family: "Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p><br /><br /><a id="show_id" class="link" onclick="document.getElementById('spoiler_id').style.display=''; document.getElementById('show_id').style.display='none';">[Show Hamas Statements]</a><span id="spoiler_id" style="display: none"><a class="link" onclick="document.getElementById('spoiler_id').style.display='none'; document.getElementById('show_id').style.display='';">[Hide]</a><br />31/08/2010: “SN: There is debate about whether Hamas accepts the premise of a two-state solution -- your language seems often vague and heavily nuanced. I want to ask if you could clarify, but I am also curious as to whether it is even worth accepting a two-state solution today when there has been so much land confiscation and settlement activity by Israel in the West Bank and East Jerusalem?<br /><br />KM: Hamas does accept a Palestinian state on the lines of 1967 -- and does not accept the two-state solution.”[27]<br /><br /><br />14/09/2010: Hamas "renewed adherence to all of Palestine from the river to the sea with Jerusalem as its capital.. [it is the] land of Islam.”[28]<br /><br /><br /><br />14/09/2010: “The Israelites or the Jews killed 62,000 prophets.. Our enterprise extends far beyond Palestine; Palestine in its enitreity, the Arab nation in its entireity, the Islamic world in its enitreity and the entire world."[29]<br /><br /><br /><br />29/11/2010: “Emphasized the Islamic Resistance Movement "Hamas" that the land of Palestine is an integrated unit from the river to the sea and that it is special for the Palestinian people, and an integral part of the Arab homeland, and the Islamic nation.”<br /><br /><br /><br />“Considered the movement, in a statement issued by the Department of Refugee Affairs on the occasion of 63 years on the decision to partition Palestine, the partition resolution is a decision falling legally, because it is based on the results of the Second World War, although it has issued an international body, indicated that it was used as a tool to pass policies of aggression and colonial domination over the region.<br /><br /><br /><br />The movement on that, and despite the passage of 63 years on this unfair decision; the Palestinian people of all stripes still insists on the rejection of this resolution, so that is considered illegal and unacceptable, and that it is invalid legally and politically, everything resulting from it is false.” [30]<br /><br /><br /><br />06/12/2010: Hammad Riqb said that "his movement is on its way to liberate the Al Aqsa Mosque and all of Palestine from the sea to the river.. Palestine is Islamic and not even one inch it may be waived or compromised."[31]<br /><br /><br /><br />09/12/2010: “Hamas leader Mahmoud Zahhar said Thursday that all Palestinian factions, including Fatah, should form a united front in an armed struggle in order to liberate all of historic Palestine.”[32]<br /><br /><br /><br />12/12/2010: “Islamic Resistance Movement, Hamas, Mahmoud Zahar, said his movement would continue the program of resistance, which started since the inception of the beginning of the first intifada in the year 1987, because "part of the project of the Islamic movement based on the invitation of the people”<br /><br />“Asked al-Zahar: "If liberated Palestine and stopped the resistance you will end our project?", Indicating that the draft resistance movement Hamas, "a much broader issue of ending the occupation."”[33]<br /><br /><br /><br />12/12/2010: “We in Hamas Like the vast majority of the Palestinian people refuse to have Jordan as an alternative home for one, Jordan for Jordanians, and Palestine for the Palestinians, one of the sea to the river, and Ra's al-north to the Negev in the south, ”[34]<br /><br /><br /><br />14/12/2010: "Our founder Sheikh (Ahmad) Yassin said: Liberate what you can of the West Bank, Gaza Strip and Jerusalem, and where it cannot be liberated, declare a truce," he said, referring to the group's spiritual leader who was assassinated by Israel in 2004... Ahead of its anniversary celebrations, Hamas reiterated its aim to recover all of historic Palestine from the Mediterranean to the Jordan River."We will cede none of it, and we will not recognise the so-called state of Israel.”[35]<br /><br /><br /><br />14/12/2010: “Zahar said: "Hamas is still on the Covenant with the resistance and jihad since its creation to this day... We in Hamas make us lofty idea, to free all Palestinian territories of the Zionist enemy.”[36]<br /><br /><br /><br />16/12/2010: According to a Hamas spokesman Hamdan, "the constants [fundamental principles] that Hamas has not changed since its launch 23 years ago... and the group's position clear that it will not recognize Israel." He is then asked about the 'interim' agreement that Hamas trumpets in Western media outlets:<br /><br />Question: "How do you explain [the fact that on] more than one occasion that Mr. Khaled Meshaal of Hamas spoke about the provisional borders and talked about the long-term truce, and spoke about the temporary state and this results is the implicit recognition [of Israel]?"<br /><br />Answer: "Hamas' position is consistent and clear in this matter and said it would not recognize the Zionist entity in any way and it will not accept an interim settlement... if some try one way or another to say that Hamas [accepted] or adopted [this position].. [then his understanding of] the position of the movement is wrong and he should reconsider his understanding of the Hamas movement."[37]<br /><br /><br /><br />25/12/2010: “The eyes will always be towards Jerusalem and Al-Aqsa [but we] will not be confined within the borders of Gaza, but our resistance will extend as always to all our usurped land, sooner or later.”[38]<br /><br /><br /><br />25/12/2010: "Hamas would not rest until Israel was ousted from Palestine, said Ahmed al-Jabari, leader of the Izz a-din al-Qassam Brigades, adding that Israel had two options – to leave Palestinian territories or face death. He said that Hamas resistance would continue as long as Zionists remained in Palestine.”[39]<br /><br /><br /><br />03/03/2011: Khaled Mashaal, head of the Hamas political bureau in Damascus, speaking in Khartoum, said that the time had come "to turn a new leaf" without negotiations with Israel and without bargaining for the "rights" of the Palestinians. He said that not one inch of the soil of "Palestine" or the so-called ""right of return"" was to be given up.<br /><br /><br /><br />06/03/2011: Khalil al-Haya, a member of the Hamas political bureau, said at a speech given in the Gaza Strip that as long as the "Israeli occupation" existed, the Palestinians' relations with Israel would be characterized by "resistance"... He said that the territory of the State of Israel "from the [Mediterranean] sea to the [Jordan] river was Arab, Islamic land and that Israel had no right to it"[40]<br /><br /><br /><br />30/03/2011: “In a communiqué for Land Day, today, March 30, Hamas stressed its adherence to the Palestinian right of return and to the path of resistance and jihad, and rejected a policy of concessions and security coordination with the enemy. It stated that Palestine from the [Mediterranean] sea to the [Jordan] river would remain the homeland of the Palestinians.”[41]<br /><br /><br /><br />01/05/2011: “The Hamas [has] a principled stand in this matter, [in] which we will not recognize the Zionist entity.”[42]<br /><br /><br /><br />23/05/2011: "[On the] recent speech of President Barack Obama al-Zahar said "it is clear that Obama is no different, except in some details on the program of Bush's America [and] is now talking about the limits of 67 [line] as sacred, but who said that we accept the 67 borders only, We did [he] not talk about the range of 48? Why did [he] not talk about the [UN 1947] partition resolution?"[43]</span><br /><br /><br /><p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">And there are many many more that I have not included from before 2010 and during but have taken out because of space. A particularly explicit statement from Meshaal: "Before Israel dies, it must be humiliated and degraded. … We will make them lose their eyesight, we will make them lose their brains.”</span><a name="_ftnref44"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftn44" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref44"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:blue;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">[44]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref44"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref44"></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">There was some recent buzz about Hamas accepting a two state solution as part of the unity deal.</span><a name="_ftnref45"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftn45" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref45"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:blue;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">[45]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref45"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref45"></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">However, again, this is not based on fact. In the immediate aftermath of the agreement, Hamas called on the PLO to rescind recognition of Israel.</span><a name="_ftnref46"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftn46" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref46"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:blue;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">[46]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref46"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref46"></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> Hamas officials stated that the right of return was non-negotiable and that they “must stick to the resistance until the liberation of Palestine.”</span><a name="_ftnref47"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftn47" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref47"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:blue;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">[47]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref47"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref47"></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> Meshal went on to reject the Quartet conditions and threatened more Israeli soldiers.</span><a name="_ftnref48"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftn48" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref48"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:blue;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">[48]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref48"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref48"></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> And, again, there have been many more statements affirming the position.</span><a name="_ftnref49"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftn49" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref49"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:blue;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">[49]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref49"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref49"></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">There are also actions which Hamas takes which indicates that this is its policy. Firas Press reported that during the Palestinian reconciliation talks, Hamas refused to sign an agreement because it would recognise Israel. (Incidentally, Fatah denied that such a statement was included in the agreement).</span><a name="_ftnref50"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftn50" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref50"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:blue;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">[50]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref50"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref50"></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> And in August-September 2010 when negotiations were due to start again between Netanyahu and Abbas, Hamas halted a meeting for Palestinian unity because of those very negotiations.<a name="_ftnref51"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftn51" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref51"><span style="color:blue">[51]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref51"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref51"></span> And this is without going into constant references to Israel proper being ‘occupied’</span><a name="_ftnref52"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftn52" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref52"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:blue;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">[52]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref52"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref52"></span><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">, the cartoons and television programmes to both children and adults that aim for the complete “liberation” of Palestine.<a name="_ftnref53"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftn53" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref53"><span style="color:blue">[53]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftnref53"></span></a></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftnref53"></span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><b><span style="mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">Answer</span></b><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; text-align:justify;line-height:normal"><span style="mso-ascii-font-family:Calibri; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-hansi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">Hamas does not want a two state solution. It wants the establishment of a Palestinian state on the ’67 borders, with a long term truce (ranging from 10-25 years) and a right of return. That is not the acceptance of Israel as the ‘second’ state. It is not the end – or at least announced end – of the conflict for Hamas. Statements made in English which often indicate moderation are often misinterpreted or backtracked while statements in Arabic are often ignored.</span><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p> </o:p></span></p> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt;line-height: normal"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> <hr size="1" width="33%" align="left"> </span></div> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn1"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref1" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn1"><span style="font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[1]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn1"></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">Global Security:</span><span style="font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:8.0pt; font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">Israel</span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#333333;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">and the</span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:#333333;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">Occupied</span><span style="font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:8.0pt; font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">Palestinian</span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#333333;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">Territories</span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:#333333;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:#333333;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">(2009), p.47</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn2"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref2" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn2"><span style="font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[2]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn2"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn2"></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="http://www.parliamentlive.tv/main/Player.aspx?meetingid=3421"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:blue">http://www.parliamentlive.tv/main/Player.aspx?meetingid=3421</span></a>, his written evidence can be found here:<a href="http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200809/cmselect/cmfaff/261/261.pdf"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:blue">http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200809/cmselect/cmfaff/261/261.pdf</span></a></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">(p.143, ‘Email from Dr. Albasoos’)</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family: "Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn3"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref3" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn3"><span style="font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[3]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn3"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn3"></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/hamas.asp"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:blue">http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/hamas.asp</span></a></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn4"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref4" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn4"><span style="font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[4]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn4"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn4"></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_7823000/7823746.stm"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:blue">http://news.bbc.co.uk/today/hi/today/newsid_7823000/7823746.stm</span></a></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn5"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref5" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn5"><span style="font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[5]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn5"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn5"></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/13/opinion/13mcgeough.html?_r=1"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:blue">http://www.nytimes.com/2009/04/13/opinion/13mcgeough.html?_r=1</span></a></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn6"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref6" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn6"><span style="font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[6]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn6"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn6"></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/65214/michael-br%C3%B6ning/hamas-20"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:blue">http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/65214/michael-bröning/hamas-20</span></a></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn7"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref7" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn7"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Gill Sans MT","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[7]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn7"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn7"></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="http://www.qassam.ps/news-3912-Hamas_renews_oath_on_its_23rd_anniversary_to_defend_rights.html"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:blue">http://www.qassam.ps/news-3912-Hamas_renews_oath_on_its_23rd_anniversary_to_defend_rights.html</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn8"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref8" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn8"><span style="font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[8]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn8"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn8"></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">Found here:</span><span style="font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:8.0pt; font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="http://www.mepc.org/journal_vol9/0212_gaess.asp"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;color:blue">http://www.mepc.org/journal_vol9/0212_gaess.asp</span></a></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn9"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref9" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn9"><span style="font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[9]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn9"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn9"></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family: "Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/middle_east/2001/israel_and_the_palestinians/profiles/1695470.stm"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:blue">http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/in_depth/middle_east/2001/israel_and_the_palestinians/profiles/1695470.stm</span></a></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn10"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref10" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn10"><span style="font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[10]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn10"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn10"></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="http://www.richardsilverstein.com/tikun_olam/wp-content/uploads/2006/01/Blitzer-interview-with-Al-Zahar-Hamas.doc"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:blue">http://www.richardsilverstein.com/tikun_olam/wp-content/uploads/2006/01/Blitzer-interview-with-Al-Zahar-Hamas.doc</span></a>, see also</span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt; font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/meast/01/29/hamas.interview/index.html"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:blue">http://www.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/meast/01/29/hamas.interview/index.html</span></a></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn11"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref11" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn11"><span style="font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[11]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn11"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn11"></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="http://edition.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/meast/04/04/mideast/index.html"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:blue">http://edition.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/meast/04/04/mideast/index.html</span></a></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn12"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref12" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn12"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Gill Sans MT","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[12]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn12"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn12"></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="http://www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/189/38234.html"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:blue">http://www.globalpolicy.org/component/content/article/189/38234.html</span></a>, see original:<a href="http://www.almubadara.org/new/edetails.php?id=1210"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:blue">http://www.almubadara.org/new/edetails.php?id=1210</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn13"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref13" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn13"><span style="font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[13]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn13"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn13"></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="http://edition.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/meast/01/29/hamas.interview/"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:blue">http://edition.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/meast/01/29/hamas.interview/</span></a></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn14"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref14" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn14"><span style="font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[14]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn14"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn14"></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/html/hamas_e077.htm"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:blue">http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/html/hamas_e077.htm</span></a></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn15"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref15" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn15"><span style="font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[15]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn15"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn15"></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">Found here:</span><span style="font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:8.0pt; font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="http://justworldnews.org/archives/Hamas.html"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;color:blue">http://justworldnews.org/archives/Hamas.html</span></a></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn16"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref16" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn16"><span style="font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[16]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn16"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn16"></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">More convincing argument here:</span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="http://justworldnews.org/archives/001090.html"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;color:blue">http://justworldnews.org/archives/001090.html</span></a></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">- and this goes for the Prisoners document as well.</span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn17"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref17" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn17"><span style="font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[17]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn17"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn17"></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8120405.stm"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:blue">http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8120405.stm</span></a></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn18"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref18" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn18"><span style="font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[18]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn18"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn18"></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSL1046412720070110"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:blue">http://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSL1046412720070110</span></a></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn19"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref19" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn19"><span style="font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[19]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn19"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn19"></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jQQms5pe3eJHtZXdqHjCT86hI67Q"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:blue">http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jQQms5pe3eJHtZXdqHjCT86hI67Q</span></a></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn20"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref20" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn20"><span style="font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[20]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn20"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn20"></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="http://southjerusalem.com/2008/04/is-hamas-looking-for-a-two-state-solution-should-we-listen/"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:blue">http://southjerusalem.com/2008/04/is-hamas-looking-for-a-two-state-solution-should-we-listen/</span></a></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn21"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref21" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn21"><span style="font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[21]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn21"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn21"></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/05/world/middleeast/05meshal.html"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:blue">http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/05/world/middleeast/05meshal.html</span></a></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn22"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref22" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn22"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Gill Sans MT","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[22]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn22"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn22"></span><a href="http://www.fpnp.net/ar/news/64143_%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A3%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%87%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9:_%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA.html"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:blue;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">http://www.fpnp.net/ar/news/64143_%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%B5%D8%B1_%D8%A3%D9%82%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84_%D9%87%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9:_%D8%A8%D8%AD%D9%85%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%A7%D8%A1_%D8%B9%D9%84%D9%89_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AB%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%A8%D8%AA.html</span></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn23"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref23" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn23"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Gill Sans MT","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[23]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn23"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn23"></span><a href="http://www.addustour.com/ViewTopic.aspx?ac=\ArabicAndInter\2010\12\ArabicAndInter_issue1148_day06_id285777.htm"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:blue;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">http://www.addustour.com/ViewTopic.aspx?ac=\ArabicAndInter\2010\12\ArabicAndInter_issue1148_day06_id285777.htm</span></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">, see also<a href="http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/html/ipc_e148.htm"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:blue">http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/html/ipc_e148.htm</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn24"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref24" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn24"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Gill Sans MT","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[24]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn24"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn24"></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="http://www.alqassam.ps/arabic/news1.php?id=19513"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;color:blue">http://www.alqassam.ps/arabic/news1.php?id=19513</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn25"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref25" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn25"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Gill Sans MT","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[25]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn25"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn25"></span><a href="http://www.fpnp.net/ar/news/64081_%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%87%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%88_%D8%BA%D8%B6%D8%A8_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3.html"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:blue;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">http://www.fpnp.net/ar/news/64081_%D8%AA%D8%B5%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AD%D8%A7%D8%AA_%D8%A5%D8%B3%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D9%84_%D9%87%D9%86%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D8%AA%D8%AB%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A8%D9%84%D8%A9_%D9%88_%D8%BA%D8%B6%D8%A8_%D9%81%D9%8A_%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3.html</span></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn26"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref26" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn26"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Gill Sans MT","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[26]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn26"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn26"></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">See also, an opinion piece published by Hamas where they explicitly stated this: “Prime Minister Ismael Haniya was probably tendentiously misunderstood when he was quoted recently as saying that the movement would accept the outcome of any referendum pertaining to the peace process with Israel. What Haniya actually meant was that Hamas wouldn't employ any undemocratic means to force its vision upon the Palestinian people. But he never meant and he never would mean or even imply that the movement would abandon its ideological tenets in this regard, namely its ideological and religious rejection of Israel.”<a href="http://www.qassam.ps/report-3889-Hamas_wont_recognize_Israel_period.html"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:blue">http://www.qassam.ps/report-3889-Hamas_wont_recognize_Israel_period.html</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn27"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref27" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn27"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Gill Sans MT","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[27]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn27"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn27"></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/sharmine-narwani/hamas-chief-interview_b_700324.html"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:blue">http://www.huffingtonpost.com/sharmine-narwani/hamas-chief-interview_b_700324.html</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn28"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref28" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn28"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Gill Sans MT","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[28]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn28"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn28"></span><a href="http://www.fpnp.net/ar/news/57315_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%88_%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%B1%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%87_%D8%A5%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%81_%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%AD%D8%B1_%D8%A5%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84.html"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:blue;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">http://www.fpnp.net/ar/news/57315_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%AF%D9%88_%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%8A%D8%AD%D9%86%D9%8A_%D8%B1%D8%A3%D8%B3%D9%87_%D8%A5%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%84%D9%84%D8%B3%D9%8A%D9%81_%D9%88%D9%84%D8%A7_%D9%8A%D9%86%D8%AF%D8%AD%D8%B1_%D8%A5%D9%84%D8%A7_%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AA%D8%A7%D9%84.html</span></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn29"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref29" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn29"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Gill Sans MT","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[29]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn29"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn29"></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hg5g8RCdCN0"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:blue">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hg5g8RCdCN0</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn30"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref30" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn30"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Gill Sans MT","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[30]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn30"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn30"></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="http://www.alqassam.ps/arabic/news1.php?id=19336"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;color:blue">http://www.alqassam.ps/arabic/news1.php?id=19336</span></a>, see also<a href="http://www.thememriblog.org/blog_personal/en/32368.htm"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:blue">http://www.thememriblog.org/blog_personal/en/32368.htm</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn31"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref31" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn31"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Gill Sans MT","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[31]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn31"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn31"></span><a href="http://www.fpnp.net/ar/news/64323_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A8:_%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%88_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%83%D9%84_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86.html"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:blue;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">http://www.fpnp.net/ar/news/64323_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B1%D9%82%D8%A8:_%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B6%D9%8A%D8%A9_%D9%86%D8%AD%D9%88_%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%83%D9%84_%D9%81%D9%84%D8%B3%D8%B7%D9%8A%D9%86.html</span></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn32"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref32" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn32"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Gill Sans MT","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[32]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn32"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn32"></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=340649"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:blue">http://www.maannews.net/eng/ViewDetails.aspx?ID=340649</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn33"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref33" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn33"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Gill Sans MT","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[33]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn33"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn33"></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="http://www.alqassam.ps/arabic/news1.php?id=19531"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;color:blue">http://www.alqassam.ps/arabic/news1.php?id=19531</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn34"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref34" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn34"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Gill Sans MT","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[34]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn34"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn34"></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="http://www.alqassam.ps/arabic/news1.php?id=19543"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;color:blue">http://www.alqassam.ps/arabic/news1.php?id=19543</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn35"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref35" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn35"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Gill Sans MT","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[35]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn35"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn35"></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gQnu5jmLNHez-yduNcGHQyFRsJ6Q?docId=CNG.9567db7c53d50c9a061453a81786b8d0.361"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:blue">http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gQnu5jmLNHez-yduNcGHQyFRsJ6Q?docId=CNG.9567db7c53d50c9a061453a81786b8d0.361</span></a>, Arabic statement here:<a href="http://www.alqassam.ps/arabic/news1.php?id=19559"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:blue">http://www.alqassam.ps/arabic/news1.php?id=19559</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn36"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref36" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn36"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Gill Sans MT","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[36]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn36"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn36"></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="http://www.alqassam.ps/arabic/news1.php?id=19570"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;color:blue">http://www.alqassam.ps/arabic/news1.php?id=19570</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn37"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref37" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn37"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Gill Sans MT","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[37]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn37"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn37"></span><a href="http://www.fpnp.net/ar/news/65082_%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86:_%D9%85%D9%81%D9%87%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D9%8A%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81_%D8%B9%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AD.html"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:blue;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">http://www.fpnp.net/ar/news/65082_%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%AF%D8%A7%D9%86:_%D9%85%D9%81%D9%87%D9%88%D9%85_%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%88%D9%82%D9%81_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B5%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%AE_%D9%8A%D8%AE%D8%AA%D9%84%D9%81_%D8%B9%D9%86_%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AD.html</span></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn38"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref38" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn38"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Gill Sans MT","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[38]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn38"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn38"></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="http://www.alqassam.ps/arabic/news1.php?id=19747"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;color:blue">http://www.alqassam.ps/arabic/news1.php?id=19747</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn39"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref39" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn39"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Gill Sans MT","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[39]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn39"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn39"></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/hamas-israel-has-two-options-death-or-leaving-palestinian-lands-1.332867"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:blue">http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/hamas-israel-has-two-options-death-or-leaving-palestinian-lands-1.332867</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn40"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref40" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn40"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Gill Sans MT","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[40]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn40"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn40"></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/html/ipc_e172.htm"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:blue">http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/html/ipc_e172.htm</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn41"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref41" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn41"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Gill Sans MT","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[41]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn41"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn41"></span><a href="http://www.palestine-info.info/ar/default.aspx?xyz=U6Qq7k%2bcOd87MDI46m9rUxJEpMO%2bi1s7bkXzBPElDmA5b68mjLrqs1NIl51QIA0X5I9Ok%2b6PQs56gTzNEkd43rqJeJhbnRhBf2F45LrfYF1z1qSu8pHtLyTvnOg3DlqtzsIxY%2bm6tKw%3d"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:blue;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">http://www.palestine-info.info/ar/default.aspx?xyz=U6Qq7k%2bcOd87MDI46m9rUxJEpMO%2bi1s7bkXzBPElDmA5b68mjLrqs1NIl51QIA0X5I9Ok%2b6PQs56gTzNEkd43rqJeJhbnRhBf2F45LrfYF1z1qSu8pHtLyTvnOg3DlqtzsIxY%2bm6tKw%3d</span></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">, English:</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt; font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="http://www.thememriblog.org/blog_personal/en/36058.htm"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:blue">http://www.thememriblog.org/blog_personal/en/36058.htm</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn42"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref42" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn42"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Gill Sans MT","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[42]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn42"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn42"></span><a href="http://www.fpnp.net/ar/news/74144_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%82:_%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%81_%D8%A8%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84.html"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:blue;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">http://www.fpnp.net/ar/news/74144_%D8%A3%D8%A8%D9%88_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%B2%D9%88%D9%82:_%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%86_%D8%AA%D8%B9%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%81_%D8%A8%D8%A5%D8%B3%D8%B1%D8%A7%D8%A6%D9%8A%D9%84.html</span></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn43"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref43" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn43"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Gill Sans MT","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[43]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn43"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn43"></span><a href="http://www.fpnp.net/ar/news/75714_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1:_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%B3%D9%82%D9%81_%D8%B2%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A.html"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:blue;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">http://www.fpnp.net/ar/news/75714_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B2%D9%87%D8%A7%D8%B1:_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%85%D8%B5%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AD%D8%A9_%D8%BA%D9%8A%D8%B1_%D9%85%D8%B1%D8%AA%D8%A8%D8%B7%D8%A9_%D8%A8%D8%B3%D9%82%D9%81_%D8%B2%D9%85%D9%86%D9%8A.html</span></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn44"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref44" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn44"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Gill Sans MT","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[44]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn44"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn44"></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="http://www.nysun.com/foreign/word-games-that-hamas-plays/51375/"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:blue">http://www.nysun.com/foreign/word-games-that-hamas-plays/51375/</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn45"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref45" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn45"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Gill Sans MT","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[45]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn45"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn45"></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4062851,00.html"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:blue">http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4062851,00.html</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn46"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref46" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn46"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Gill Sans MT","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[46]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn46"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn46"></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4062337,00.html"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:blue">http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4062337,00.html</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn47"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref47" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn47"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Gill Sans MT","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[47]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn47"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn47"></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="http://www.palestine-info.info/ar/default.aspx?xyz=U6Qq7k%2bcOd87MDI46m9rUxJEpMO%2bi1s74FeYq7azoGtNYCw09TfLgfRUdichRU%2bypbcLwY1h1oSjUdw8%2bTh%2fO21ZVlzJAvLKbiCWCvWyOSxENV2ITMDBbP%2b1yVnb44%2f0tpY8%2b%2b8PaL8%3d"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:blue">http://www.palestine-info.info/ar/default.aspx?xyz=U6Qq7k%2bcOd87MDI46m9rUxJEpMO%2bi1s74FeYq7azoGtNYCw09TfLgfRUdichRU%2bypbcLwY1h1oSjUdw8%2bTh%2fO21ZVlzJAvLKbiCWCvWyOSxENV2ITMDBbP%2b1yVnb44%2f0tpY8%2b%2b8PaL8%3d</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn48"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref48" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn48"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Gill Sans MT","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[48]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn48"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn48"></span><a href="http://www.fpnp.net/ar/news/74750_%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B9%D9%84:_%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8B_%D8%B3%D8%A3%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3.html"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:blue;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">http://www.fpnp.net/ar/news/74750_%D9%85%D8%B4%D8%B9%D9%84:_%D9%82%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%8B_%D8%B3%D8%A3%D8%B2%D9%88%D8%B1_%D8%BA%D8%B2%D8%A9_%D9%88%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%85_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%84%D9%87_%D9%88%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%82%D8%AF%D8%B3.html</span></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn49"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref49" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn49"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Gill Sans MT","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[49]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn49"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn49"></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/html/ipc_e188.htm"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:blue">http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/html/ipc_e188.htm</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn50"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref50" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn50"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Gill Sans MT","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[50]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn50"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn50"></span><a href="http://www.fpnp.net/ar/news/52076_%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AD:_%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%B5_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D9%88%D8%A3%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B5%D8%A9.html"><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:blue;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">http://www.fpnp.net/ar/news/52076_%D9%81%D8%AA%D8%AD:_%D8%AD%D9%85%D8%A7%D8%B3_%D9%84%D9%85_%D8%AA%D8%B3%D8%AA%D8%AE%D9%84%D8%B5_%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%A8%D8%B1_%D9%88%D8%A3%D8%B6%D8%A7%D8%B9%D8%AA_%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%81%D8%B1%D8%B5%D8%A9.html</span></a><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn51"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref51" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn51"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Gill Sans MT","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[51]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn51"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn51"></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="http://paltoday.ps/arabic/News-88621.html"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:blue">http://paltoday.ps/arabic/News-88621.html</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto; line-height:normal"><a name="_ftn52"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref52" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn52"><span style="font-size:10.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Gill Sans MT","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[52]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn52"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn52"></span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="http://www.alqassam.ps/arabic/news1.php?id=21220"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;color:blue">http://www.alqassam.ps/arabic/news1.php?id=21220</span></a>,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="http://www.alqassam.ps/arabic/news1.php?id=21171"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;color:blue">http://www.alqassam.ps/arabic/news1.php?id=21171</span></a>,</span><span style="font-size:10.5pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size: 10.5pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="http://www.alqassam.ps/arabic/news1.php?id=21192"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;color:blue">http://www.alqassam.ps/arabic/news1.php?id=21192</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-top:10.0pt;margin-right:10.0pt;margin-bottom: 10.0pt;margin-left:0cm;line-height:normal;mso-outline-level:3"><a name="_ftn53"></a><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2011/05/hamas-two-state-solution.html#_ftnref53" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn53"><span style="font-size:8.0pt; mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:blue;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB">[53]</span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn53"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn53"></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size: 11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black; mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"><a href="http://www.pmw.org.il/tv-hamas.htm"><span style="mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;color:blue">http://www.pmw.org.il/tv-hamas.htm</span></a>:</span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;mso-bidi-font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman"; color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB"> </span><span style="font-size: 8.0pt;font-family:"Verdana","sans-serif";mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family:"Times New Roman";color:black;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB">Hamas steals Mickey Mouse image to teach hate and Islamic supremacyApril 16-30, 2007</span></p>Folderolhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00674335938397735100noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6649679349532215723.post-8523289722248945572010-08-11T08:53:00.000-07:002010-08-11T09:12:02.711-07:00Trees Sans Frontières<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">Out of all the controversies in the Arab-Israeli conflict, this does not seem one of them. The August 3<sup>rd</sup> border incident led to the deaths of an IDF soldier, 3 Lebanese and 1 journalist.<a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn1" href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/08/trees-sans-frontieres.html#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language: EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[1]</span></span></span></span></a> The deaths of these people and the violence that ensued lies entirely with the LAF.<span style="mso-spacerun:yes"> </span>It has been established the Israeli army were acting within their side of the Blue Line by both UNIFIL<a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn2" href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/08/trees-sans-frontieres.html#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language: EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[2]</span></span></span></span></a> and independent reports.<a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn3" href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/08/trees-sans-frontieres.html#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language: EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[3]</span></span></span></span></a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">The Lebanese then came up with an explanation for this finding. <span class="apple-style-span">They “insisted the location of the trees was "south of the Blue Line but in Lebanese territory."</span><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn4" href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/08/trees-sans-frontieres.html#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language: EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[4]</span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"> This isn’t a plausible explanation either because both sides agreed to the UN decision, despite the parties’ reservations.</span><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn5" href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/08/trees-sans-frontieres.html#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language: EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[5]</span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"> Initially, several people claimed that Israel had crossed the border because of pictures showing servicemen over a fence. Yet, UNIFIL has already said that the fence does not follow the Blue Line (as has Israel).</span><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn6" href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/08/trees-sans-frontieres.html#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character: footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-fareast-font-family: Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language: EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[6]</span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"> The reason the fence does not follow the line is for tactical reasons – it allows the IDF to carry out counter-terrorist and surveillance measures. It doesn’t take long to work out that this is the case;</span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;margin-bottom: 6pt; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:100%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=""><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgrUU-Hmx4vITN_rSHffpjI8uix7biTCX6-YL3kWEHIG8hvdMGleLzlf5B4v9ddhfc3TNaimqSigc4ALEWd6lTvFYpm_D4VU8ZLKP6xUxw74zuvhYkrEioR89uyha7vXV1aNTgHDQ_qYwth/s400/border3.jpg" /></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:justify"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 13px; line-height: 14px; ">The fence follows the road below the Blue Line - you can see the bend in the road from the pictures of the crane in action.<a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn7" href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/08/trees-sans-frontieres.html#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language: EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[7]</span></span></span></span></a> What also seems apparent is that the IDF had informed UNIFIL that this works has being carried out.<a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn8" href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/08/trees-sans-frontieres.html#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language: EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[8]</span></span></span></span></a> It was carried out in co-ordination with UNIFIL.<a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn9" href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/08/trees-sans-frontieres.html#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language: EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[9]</span></span></span></span></a> UNIFIL had even asked them to delay twice.</span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">Leaving aside that Israel has a right to do as it wishes on its side of the border, there are also claims that “warning shots” were fired (as though that should make a difference – it doesn’t for the simple fact that Israel was on its side of the border). The LAF were the first to shoot.<a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn10" href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/08/trees-sans-frontieres.html#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language: EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[10]</span></span></span></span></a> And the claim of warning shots has been denied by the IDF (one can either choose to believe the IDF or the LAF). The IDF claims that “<span class="apple-style-span">such fire was not aimed at the soldiers located by the fence, but rather</span><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><span class="apple-style-span">directly aimed at IDF officers who were standing in a separate area, on higher ground.</span></span>”<a style="mso-footnote-id: ftn11" href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/08/trees-sans-frontieres.html#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language: EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[11]</span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"> This seems to be confirmed by an independent report which states that <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin"></span></span></p><blockquote><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin">When the soldiers approached the tree, they were attacked by small arms automatic fire from both the Lebanese Army’s position</span></span>.. Immediately, a few Israeli commanders ran from the command vehicle toward the fence to see what was happening. Snipers hiding in the bush adjacent to the Lebanese Army position fired on them, killing the Israeli battalion commander<a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn12" href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/08/trees-sans-frontieres.html#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language: EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[12]</span></span></span></span></span></a></blockquote><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn12" href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/08/trees-sans-frontieres.html#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language: EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"></span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin"><o:p></o:p></span></span><p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin">And also from an unnamed diplomat;<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:6.0pt;margin-left:0cm; text-align:justify;line-height:10.5pt;vertical-align:baseline"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"></span></p><blockquote>Shortly after 12.15pm, when the Israelis moved a crane close to the border fence to begin removing the tree, a Lebanese army sniper took aim at the commanders who were supervising the operation from a hill on the Israeli side of the border. "The sniper was aiming for the most senior IDF officers present, not the person operating the crane where the alleged border infringement took place"<a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn13" href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/08/trees-sans-frontieres.html#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[13]</span></span></span></span></a></blockquote><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn13" href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/08/trees-sans-frontieres.html#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri; mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA"></span></span></span></span></a><o:p></o:p><p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:6.0pt;text-align:justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin">But, as said, this is largely irrelevant to the fact that the LAF had no right to fire – warning or lethal – shots beyond the Blue Line. Some</span></span><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn14" href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/08/trees-sans-frontieres.html#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language: EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[14]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin"> have asked why Israel didn’t ask UNIFIL to carry out the pruning but this ignores the vital fact that a) it’s Israel’s side of the Blue Line and 2) that UNIFIL only has a mandate to act in Lebanese territory.</span></span><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn15" href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/08/trees-sans-frontieres.html#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language: EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[15]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin"> Questions however remain about whether this was a premeditated attack or not. Lebanon has confirmed that this is their policy.</span></span><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn16" href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/08/trees-sans-frontieres.html#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language: EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[16]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin"> The question of the reporters also remains. Media Backspin points out that “Five photographers, (in addition to an unknown number of stringers) from</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"> </span></span><em><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">one</span></em><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%; font-family:"Georgia","serif";mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font: minor-latin"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin">news service covering what was supposed to be routine IDF border maintenance work is astounding.</span>”</span><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn17" href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/08/trees-sans-frontieres.html#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Georgia","serif"; mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-font-family: Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language: EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[17]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:10.0pt;line-height:115%;font-family:"Georgia","serif"; mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"><o:p></o:p></span></p> <div style="mso-element:footnote-list"><br /> <hr align="left" size="1" width="33%"> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn1"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn1" href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/08/trees-sans-frontieres.html#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"> <a href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/3-lebanese-soldiers-journalist-killed-in-clash-on-israel-lebanon-border-1.305734">http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/3-lebanese-soldiers-journalist-killed-in-clash-on-israel-lebanon-border-1.305734</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> </div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn2"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn2" href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/08/trees-sans-frontieres.html#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"><a href="http://www1.albawaba.com/en/main-headlines/unifil-israel-didnt-act-lebanese-territory">http://www1.albawaba.com/en/main-headlines/unifil-israel-didnt-act-lebanese-territory</a> and <a href="http://www.naharnet.com/domino/tn/NewsDesk.nsf/Lebanon/$First?OpenDocument">http://www.naharnet.com/domino/tn/NewsDesk.nsf/Lebanon/$First?OpenDocument</a> and <a href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/unifil-confirms-israel-s-version-idf-troops-didn-t-enter-lebanon-1.212301">http://www.haaretz.com/news/unifil-confirms-israel-s-version-idf-troops-didn-t-enter-lebanon-1.212301</a> and <a href="http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/meast/08/04/israel.lebanon.hostilities/#fbid=UNhR0GCruVn&wom=false">http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/meast/08/04/israel.lebanon.hostilities/#fbid=UNhR0GCruVn&wom=false</a> and <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-10864861">http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-10864861</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> </div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn3"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn3" href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/08/trees-sans-frontieres.html#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"> “<span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color:black">The incident took place midday Tuesday while IDF troops were operating in a border-area enclave in Israeli territory.</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color:black">” </span></span><a href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3929729,00.html">http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3929729,00.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> </div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn4"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn4" href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/08/trees-sans-frontieres.html#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"> <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-10864861">http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-10864861</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> </div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn5"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn5" href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/08/trees-sans-frontieres.html#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"> <a href="http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-10864861">http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-10864861</a>, without prejudice to the Sheeba Farms<o:p></o:p></span></p> </div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn6"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn6" href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/08/trees-sans-frontieres.html#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"> <a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7pxMz6kn3Sg">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7pxMz6kn3Sg</a> and “<span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color:#333333">'It's a particular area where sometimes the Blue Line and the technical fence meet, and sometimes where there are metres in between” </span></span><a href="http://www.justjournalism.com/media-analysis/view/lebanon-border-clashes-just-journalism-speaks-to-idf-and-unifil">http://www.justjournalism.com/media-analysis/view/lebanon-border-clashes-just-journalism-speaks-to-idf-and-unifil</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> </div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn7"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn7" href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/08/trees-sans-frontieres.html#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[7]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"> <a href="http://elderofziyon.blogspot.com/2010/08/lebanese-leaders-continue-to-contradict.html">http://elderofziyon.blogspot.com/2010/08/lebanese-leaders-continue-to-contradict.html</a> <o:p></o:p></span></p> </div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn8"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn8" href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/08/trees-sans-frontieres.html#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[8]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"> “<strong><span style="font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif";mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin; color:#666666">Struger:</span></strong><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color:#666666"> </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color:#666666">“IDF informed UNIFIL that they are going to do some work cutting the tree from the other side north of the technical fence but south of the blue line.</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color:#666666">” [Struger is the </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color:#666666">a Senior Political Advisor to the Commander of UNIFIL Forces] </span></span><a href="http://idfspokesperson.com/2010/08/04/audio-transcript-of-israel-army-radios-interview-with-unifil-spokesman-milos-struger-4-aug-2010/">http://idfspokesperson.com/2010/08/04/audio-transcript-of-israel-army-radios-interview-with-unifil-spokesman-milos-struger-4-aug-2010/</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> </div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn9"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn9" href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/08/trees-sans-frontieres.html#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[9]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"> “<span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color:#353434">The operation had been coordinated in advance with UNIFIL, which in turn informed the Lebanese army.” </span></span><a href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/idf-believes-single-lebanese-officer-behind-border-shooting-1.305828">http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/idf-believes-single-lebanese-officer-behind-border-shooting-1.305828</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> </div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn10"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn10" href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/08/trees-sans-frontieres.html#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[10]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"> <a href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/lebanon-we-fired-first-at-idf-unit-near-israel-border-1.305929">http://www.haaretz.com/news/diplomacy-defense/lebanon-we-fired-first-at-idf-unit-near-israel-border-1.305929</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> </div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn11"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn11" href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/08/trees-sans-frontieres.html#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[11]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"> Via e-mail from IDF, see here for reprint; <a href="http://israelmatzav.blogspot.com/2010/08/idf-background-briefing-on-lebanon.html">http://israelmatzav.blogspot.com/2010/08/idf-background-briefing-on-lebanon.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> </div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn12"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn12" href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/08/trees-sans-frontieres.html#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[12]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"> <a href="http://oilprice.com/Geo-Politics/Middle-East/Clash-on-Israel-Lebanon-Border-Holds-Potential-for-Strategic-Escalation.html">http://oilprice.com/Geo-Politics/Middle-East/Clash-on-Israel-Lebanon-Border-Holds-Potential-for-Strategic-Escalation.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> </div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn13"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn13" href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/08/trees-sans-frontieres.html#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[13]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"> <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/world/lebanese-commander-ordered-sniper-attack-20100805-11kqk.html">http://www.smh.com.au/world/lebanese-commander-ordered-sniper-attack-20100805-11kqk.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> </div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn14"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn14" href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/08/trees-sans-frontieres.html#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[14]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"> <a href="http://www.juancole.com/2010/08/8024.html">http://www.juancole.com/2010/08/8024.html</a>, <a href="http://walt.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2010/08/04/a_senseless_loss_of_life">http://walt.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2010/08/04/a_senseless_loss_of_life</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> </div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn15"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn15" href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/08/trees-sans-frontieres.html#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[15]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"> <a href="http://www.iba.org.il/bet/bet.aspx?type=1&entity=665301">http://www.iba.org.il/bet/bet.aspx?type=1&entity=665301</a>, translation provided by a friend: “<span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color:#333333">UNIFIL warns the Lebanese army, that if it continued firing at IDF soldiers working on the border, it will risk having all of its positions in south Lebanon wiped out. The Lebanese army offered that UNIFIL, and not the IDF, cut down those trees, but UNIFIL refused, saying that it only has a mandate to act on Lebanese territory and not Israeli territory.</span>” – this should really be an obvious point given that the L stands for Lebanon.</span></span><o:p></o:p></p> </div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn16"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn16" href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/08/trees-sans-frontieres.html#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[16]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"> <a href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3930783,00.html">http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3930783,00.html</a> and <a href="http://www.smh.com.au/world/lebanese-commander-ordered-sniper-attack-20100805-11kqk.html">http://www.smh.com.au/world/lebanese-commander-ordered-sniper-attack-20100805-11kqk.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> </div> <div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn17"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a style="mso-footnote-id:ftn17" href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/08/trees-sans-frontieres.html#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size: 9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"><span style="mso-special-character:footnote"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Calibri","sans-serif"; mso-ascii-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-fareast-font-family:Calibri;mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-latin;mso-hansi-theme-font:minor-latin;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-US;mso-bidi-language:AR-SA">[17]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-size:9.0pt;mso-bidi-font-family:Calibri;mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latin"> <a href="http://backspin.typepad.com/backspin/2010/08/over-the-top-with-reuters-photographers.html">http://backspin.typepad.com/backspin/2010/08/over-the-top-with-reuters-photographers.html</a>, one response is given by Frankfurter: “<span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color:#222222">It is clear from the photographs and videos issued by international news agencies very quickly after the clash that the incident was prepared for and staged.</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color:#222222">” <a href="http://dfrankfurter.livejournal.com/122763.html">http://dfrankfurter.livejournal.com/122763.html</a> </span></span><o:p></o:p></span></p> </div></div>Folderolhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00674335938397735100noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6649679349532215723.post-43385431590506919052010-07-27T16:18:00.000-07:002010-07-27T18:25:07.513-07:00The Cast Lead Ceasefire<p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Terms</span></span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">;<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">The cease-fire applied to Gaza only.</span></span></span><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> The ceasefire also meant that they would “not be allowed to respond from Gaza to any Israeli action in the West Bank.”</span></span></span><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Partial opening of the borders<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p> <p style="margin-top:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:12.75pt;margin-left: 0cm;text-align:justify;line-height:13.5pt"><span class="apple-style-span"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">The easing the blockade was in two stages. First, Israel agreed to a partial opening of the borders. However, the extent to which this would be done was dependent on compliance. As Haaretz reported: “</span></span></span></span><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">The Egyptian-brokered ceasefire requires militant groups to halt rocket fire in return for Israel gradually easing its blockade of the impoverished territory.</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">”</span></span></span><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> This seems to be confirmed by many other outlets. The BBC refers to a “partial” opening of the borders</span></span></span><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">,The New York Times reported an “easing” of the blockade</span></span></span><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">, CNN also refers to “gradually ease its economic blockade if the truce holds”</span></span></span><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">, the Washington Post says a “The agreement would be implemented in phases, with Israel easing the year-old siege on Gaza if Hamas stops attacks”</span></span></span><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">[7]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> and several other reports speak of this gradual policy.</span></span></span><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">[8]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> Reports that the first stage included returning back to pre-coup supplies all stem from Hamas and are not confirmed by credible reports.</span></span></span><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">[9]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> The second stage (which the parties never reached) would have been a deal involving Gilad Schalit and the Rafah crossing.</span></span></span><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">[10]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Rocket fire</span></span></b></span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Israel’s primary goal of the ceasefire was the complete cessation of rockets. This included rockets from all groups. Israel was adamant that this be part of the agreement given that past ceasefires had often failed because smaller groups weren’t included. This ceasefire was designed to “stop rocket fire from Gaza” regardless of groups.</span></span><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">[11]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> Israel actually said this to Hamas.</span></span><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">[12]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> Hamas agreed to this.</span></span><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">[13]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> In fact, Hamas said “</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">all the area's militant groups would abide by the truce.”</span></span></span><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">[14]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Raids and Smuggling <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Israel agreed to stop incursions into Gaza but, like Hamas, reserved the right of self-defence.</span></span></span><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">[15]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> However, there was a condition added to this. “</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">The condition stated that if Hamas came within 500 metres of the border, they (the IDF) would attack...”</span></span><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">[16]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> There seems to be no evidence that part of the ceasefire included the prohibition of arms smuggling on the part of Hamas. All reports refer to Israeli officials stating that it is part of the agreement.</span></span><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">[17]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> What actually seems to be part of the agreement is Egypt to curb smuggling.</span></span><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">[18]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> Hamas said two days after the truce that it did not include arms smuggling.</span></span><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">[19]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> Given that the accounts from the BBC et al mention no such clause as part of the agreement, it will be assumed it doesn’t exist. </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Implementation I: 18</span></span><sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">th</span></span></sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> June – 4</span></span><sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">th</span></span></sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> November<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Rocket fire<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Hamas did not comply with the agreement. Rockets were fired from Gaza on the 24</span></span><sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">th</span></span></sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">, 26</span></span><sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">th</span></span></sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">, 27</span></span><sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">th</span></span></sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">, 28</span></span><sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">th</span></span></sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">, 30</span></span><sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">th</span></span></sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">.</span></span></span><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">[20]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> All in violation of the ceasefire (even if not fired by Hamas). Justification for the rocket fired on the 24</span></span><sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">th</span></span></sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> was a West Bank raid despite the fact that the West Bank was not included in the agreement. Hamas even condemned the attack.</span></span></span><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">[21]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> There was a huge reduction in rocket-fire but the agreement did not call for a reduction but a cessation. In this first period, 20 rockets and 18 mortars were fired at Israel.</span></span></span><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn22" name="_ftnref22" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">[22]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">It can be claimed that Hamas tried to curb the rocket fire during the period through arrests but investigations found that Hamas released those who fired rockets without charges.</span></span></span><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn23" name="_ftnref23" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">[23]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> In any event, Hamas is responsible by virtue of failing (even if it tried to) to stop all fire.</span></span></span><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn24" name="_ftnref24" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">[24]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Raids<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Israel violated the ceasefire two days after it began by opening fire on Palestinians farmers and Palestinian fishers. Reuters reports 8 different violations by Israel between 20</span></span><sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">th</span></span></sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">-25</span></span><sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">th</span></span></sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> June.</span></span></span><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn25" name="_ftnref25" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">[25]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Blockade<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Given that nothing in the ceasefire stated exactly how much the borders would be lifted, it can be said that Israel did comply. There was an increase in the amount allowed through.</span></span></span><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn26" name="_ftnref26" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">[26]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> As stated, the easing of the blockade would be in relation to adherence to the ceasefire. Reports seem to confirm this is how Israel acted;<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"></span></span></span></p><blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">“</span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Israel had shut the crossings on June 25 after an Islamic Jihad rocket salvo which the Palestinian faction said was in retaliation for Israel's killing of one of its leaders in the West Bank</span></span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">“</span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">The defense establishment decided late Monday [30</span></span><sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">th</span></span></sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">] to close the border crossings between Israel and Gaza after Palestinian gunmen fired a Qassam rocket into the western Negev</span></span></i></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">.”</span></span></span><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn27" name="_ftnref27" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">[27]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">“</span></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Defense Minister Ehud Barak decided Monday against renewing the fuel supply to the Gaza Strip, in view of the ongoing Qassam fire on Israel</span></span></i></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">.”</span></span></span><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn28" name="_ftnref28" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">[28]</span></span></span></span></span></a></p></blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn28" name="_ftnref28" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"></span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Israel, overall, increased goods shipments 25-30% and as the New York Times notes, “Israeli officials acknowledged that transferring previously banned goods had been the plan, but said that there was no specific date for the increase and that it was to happen in steps. But the rockets never fully stopped.”</span></span></span><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn29" name="_ftnref29" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">[29]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> If one reads the Goldstone Report, they would also find a similar chain of events: when a rocket or a mortar was fired, then the crossing would be closed.</span></span></span><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn30" name="_ftnref30" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">[30]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> Again, it should be noted that the rocket fire was a violation of the truce and in the case June 25</span></span><sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">th</span></span></sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> rocket was a response to Israeli action in the West Bank which was not covered by the ceasefire. <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Implementation II: 4</span></span><sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">th</span></span></sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> November – 18</span></span><sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">th</span></span></sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> December<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">The conclusion here is that both sides broke the ceasefire in the first stage however none of these actions led to a complete abandoning of the ceasefire principles. Violations can be said to be distinct from complete disregard. The second stage sees a transition from both parties violating but sticking broadly to the agreement to a state in which there is essentially no adherence whatsoever. It must be noted that Israel’s violations in the first stage did not derive from matters which were linked with the blockade but with incursions. I have not seen any response or explanation from the Israeli government for this. <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">November 4</span></span><sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">th</span></span></sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> Incident <o:p></o:p></span></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">The incident which took place on November 4</span></span><sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">th</span></span></sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> resulted in a return to high levels of rockets and mortars. 6 Hamas men died.</span></span></span><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn31" name="_ftnref31" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">[31]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> This also led to Israel, like in the first stage to limit borders further (as the agreement had stipulated). It is this incident which would then be responsible for the breakdown of the ceasefire. <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">The Israeli NGO Malam states the following about the incident</span></span><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn32" name="_ftnref32" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">[32]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">;<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"></span></span></i></span></p><blockquote><span class="apple-style-span"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Following intelligence information, on the night of November 4 an IDF force operated inside the Gaza Strip. The action's objective was to prevent an abduction by Hamas of Israeli soldiers from Israeli soil. The IDF force operated near the security fence, about </span></span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">250 meters</span></span></b></i></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">.. </span></span></i></span><span class="apple-style-span"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">The decision to carry out the strike was made after it was learned that a tunnel intended for the abduction of Israeli soldiers had become operative was ready for </span></span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">immediate</span></span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> use.</span></span></i></span></blockquote><span class="apple-style-span"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></span><p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"></span></span></i></span></p><blockquote><span class="apple-style-span"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">The soldiers located the building under which the tunnel had been excavated. When the soldiers reached it they discovered armed terrorists inside.</span></span></i></span><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn33" name="_ftnref33" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><i><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">[33]</span></span></span></b></span></i></span></a></blockquote><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn33" name="_ftnref33" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><i><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"></span></span></span></b></span></i></span></a><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></i><p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">This clearly violated the cease-fire. Hamas was not permitted to come within 500metres of the border and on this night, it did. This is not only confirmed in the Malam report but a BBC correspondent.</span></span></span><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn34" name="_ftnref34" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">[34]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> This is ignoring the purpose and use of the tunnel which they were digging. A picture is provided by Malam showing the position where the tunnel started</span></span></span><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn35" name="_ftnref35" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">[35]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">;<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><img src="http://img37.imageshack.us/img37/9821/asfsdg.jpg" /></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Because of these killings, Hamas went into fire-mode. Throughout the rest of the ceasefire, Hamas fired rockets along with the other Palestinian armed groups. There were 203 rockets fired during the second stage of implementation.</span></span></span><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn36" name="_ftnref36" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">[36]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> Whereas in the first stage, Hamas can be said to guilty of negligence, in this stage they actively took part.</span></span></span><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn37" name="_ftnref37" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">[37]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> They even said on their website “Our response will be harsh, and the enemy will play a heavy price”</span></span></span><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn38" name="_ftnref38" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">[38]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> These rockets, again, led to the same course of action: restricting the borders.</span></span></span><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn39" name="_ftnref39" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">[39]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> They also led to air incursions which Israel justified by its reserved right of self-defence.</span></span></span><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn40" name="_ftnref40" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">[40]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align:center"><span class="apple-style-span"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">End of the Ceasefire<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">The action which led to a complete deterioration of the ceasefire was action taken by Hamas. The first stage, while both sides violated the agreement did show broad agreement. However, in light of the events of the 4</span></span><sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">th</span></span></sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> November and Hamas’ response to Israel’s response, this adherence was destroyed. It must be noted that talk of who broke the ceasefire should remain strictly academic as it is not either sides violations, directly, which led to the end of the ceasefire. On December 13</span></span><sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">th</span></span></sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">, Israel said it was in favour of extending the ceasefire on the agreed principles.</span></span></span><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn41" name="_ftnref41" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">[41]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> Hamas declared the truce over when it said no the previous agreed conditions.</span></span></span><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn42" name="_ftnref42" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">[42]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> Haaretz states “Hamas..wants to renew the truce, but only on its own terms”.</span></span></span><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn43" name="_ftnref43" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">[43]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> </span></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">Whereas before, Israel would decide border policy based on Palestinian rocket and mortor control, Hamas was now asking for Israel “keep the border crossings permanently open”.</span></span></span><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftn44" name="_ftnref44" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;">[44]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> Thus, the ceasefire was not renewed because of Hamas’ refusal. <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><br /></span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><br /></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"> </span><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%"> <div id="ftn1"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> “</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Hamas had initially lobbied for the truce to apply to both Gaza and the West Bank, but Israel balked at that idea and limited negotiations to Gaza.” - </span></span></span><a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/06/17/AR2008061700659.html"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/06/17/AR2008061700659.html</span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> and </span></span><a href="http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/meast/06/24/gaza.truce/index.html"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/meast/06/24/gaza.truce/index.html</span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn2"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span><a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7459200.stm"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7459200.stm</span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn3"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><a href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/israel-closes-gaza-border-crossings-once-again-in-wake-of-qassam-1.248760"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://www.haaretz.com/news/israel-closes-gaza-border-crossings-once-again-in-wake-of-qassam-1.248760</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> and </span></span><a href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/olmert-gaza-cease-fire-is-fragile-may-be-short-lived-1.248009"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://www.haaretz.com/news/olmert-gaza-cease-fire-is-fragile-may-be-short-lived-1.248009</span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">, see also </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">CNN “gradually ease its economic blockade if the truce holds” (footnote below)</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn4"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span><a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7459200.stm"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7459200.stm</span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn5"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/18/world/middleeast/18mideast.html?_r=3&fta=y"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/18/world/middleeast/18mideast.html?_r=3&fta=y</span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn6"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span><a href="http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/meast/06/19/israel.hamas.truce/index.html"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://www.cnn.com/2008/WORLD/meast/06/19/israel.hamas.truce/index.html</span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn7"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; "><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="line-height:115%; mso-bidi-mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latinfont-family:Calibri;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[7]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="line-height:115%;mso-bidi- mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latinfont-family:Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span><a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/06/17/AR2008061700659.html"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2008/06/17/AR2008061700659.html</span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn8"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftnref8" name="_ftn8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[8]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> “</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">An Egyptian official told The Associated Press that after three days, Israel would begin to open Gaza's border crossings to let more supplies into the area. A week later, he said, Israel planned to allow in additional goods.” - </span></span></span><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2008/06/17/israel-hamas-truce-to-beg_n_107534.html"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2008/06/17/israel-hamas-truce-to-beg_n_107534.html</span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn9"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftnref9" name="_ftn9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[9]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> E.g.; </span></span><a href="http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/01/07/AR2009010702645.html"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2009/01/07/AR2009010702645.html</span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> and <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">“</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Hamas thought it was going to get: a return to the 500 to 600 truckloads</span></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">” </span></span></span><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/20/world/middleeast/20mideast.html?_r=1&scp=2&sq=Ethan%20Bronner%20December%202008%20gaza&st=cse"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/20/world/middleeast/20mideast.html?_r=1&scp=2&sq=Ethan%20Bronner%20December%202008%20gaza&st=cse</span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> – <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: left;"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">In the same report, “</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Israeli officials acknowledged that transferring previously banned goods had been the plan, but said that there was no specific date for the increase and that it was to happen in steps. But the rockets never fully stopped.” – this is inline with reports from the BBC, NYT and CNN.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; "><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="line-height: 115%;mso-bidi-mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latinfont-family:Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">One report from Pierre Tristam stated that Israel agreed to a 30% increase in aid but this does not seem to be reliable as nobody else seems to have reported it.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; "><span style="line-height:115%;mso-bidi-mso-bidi-theme-font:minor-latinfont-family:Calibri;"><a href="http://middleeast.about.com/od/israelandpalestine/a/me080618a.htm"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://middleeast.about.com/od/israelandpalestine/a/me080618a.htm</span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn10"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftnref10" name="_ftn10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[10]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span><a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7459200.stm"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7459200.stm</span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn11"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftnref11" name="_ftn11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[11]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span><a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7470530.stm"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7470530.stm</span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn12"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftnref12" name="_ftn12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[12]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> “</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">"We need a total ceasefire – all included. If tomorrow morning one single rocket is fired, it will be a violation of the agreement.” </span></span></span><a href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3557573,00.html"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3557573,00.html</span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn13"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftnref13" name="_ftn13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[13]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> “</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Hamas, which has pledged to enforce a tahdiyeh, Arabic for calm, on the disparate militia groups.</span></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">” </span></span></span><a href="http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2008/0625/p25s04-wome.html"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2008/0625/p25s04-wome.html</span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> and “</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Their job, the Hamas officials said, was to stop the rocket attacks on Israel not only from its own armed groups, but also from others based in Gaza, including</span></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span></span><a href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/organizations/i/islamic_jihad/index.html?inline=nyt-org" title="More articles about Islamic Jihad"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Islamic Jihad</span></span></span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">and</span></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span></span><a href="http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/organizations/a/al_aksa_martyrs_brigades/index.html?inline=nyt-org" title="More articles about Al Aksa Martyrs Brigades"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Al Aksa Martyrs Brigades</span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">.” </span></span></span><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/20/world/middleeast/20mideast.html"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/20/world/middleeast/20mideast.html</span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn14"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftnref14" name="_ftn14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[14]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span><a href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/israel-confirms-hamas-ceasefire-deal-849414.html"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/israel-confirms-hamas-ceasefire-deal-849414.html</span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">, see also “</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Gaza Hamas leader Mahmoud Zahar said all the armed factions in Gaza are on board with the truce” </span></span></span><a href="http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2008/06/17/israel-hamas-truce-to-beg_n_107534.html"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2008/06/17/israel-hamas-truce-to-beg_n_107534.html</span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn15"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftnref15" name="_ftn15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[15]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span><a href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/israel-confirms-hamas-ceasefire-deal-849414.html"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/israel-confirms-hamas-ceasefire-deal-849414.html</span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> and </span></span><a href="http://www.csmonitor.com/Commentary/Opinion/2008/1231/p09s02-coop.html"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://www.csmonitor.com/Commentary/Opinion/2008/1231/p09s02-coop.html</span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn16"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftnref16" name="_ftn16" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[16]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> Testimony of </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Nomi Bar-Yaacov to the House of Commons Foreign Affairs Committee, Wednesday 11 February available here </span></span></span><a href="http://www.parliamentlive.tv/main/Player.aspx?meetingid=3421"><span style="color:windowtext;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://www.parliamentlive.tv/main/Player.aspx?meetingid=3421</span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> and also Global Security: Israel and the Occupied Palestinian Territories, Fifth Report of Session 2008–09, p.92<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn17"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftnref17" name="_ftn17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[17]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> “</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">He repeated Israel's demands for..a halt to arms smuggling into the Gaza Strip</span></span></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">” </span></span></span></span><a href="http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKL1724366620080617"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://uk.reuters.com/article/idUKL1724366620080617</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn18"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftnref18" name="_ftn18" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[18]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span><a href="http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/israel-confirms-hamas-ceasefire-deal-849414.html"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/israel-confirms-hamas-ceasefire-deal-849414.html</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> and <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn19"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftnref19" name="_ftn19" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[19]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span><a href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/hamas-arms-smuggling-to-continue-despite-gaza-truce-1.248202"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://www.haaretz.com/news/hamas-arms-smuggling-to-continue-despite-gaza-truce-1.248202</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn20"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftnref20" name="_ftn20" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[20]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span><a href="http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/pdf/g_report_e1.pdf"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/pdf/g_report_e1.pdf</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">, </span></span><a href="http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrcouncil/specialsession/9/docs/UNFFMGC_Report.pdf"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrcouncil/specialsession/9/docs/UNFFMGC_Report.pdf</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> (pick based on your biases).<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn21"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftnref21" name="_ftn21" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[21]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span><a href="http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2008/0625/p25s04-wome.html"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://www.csmonitor.com/World/Middle-East/2008/0625/p25s04-wome.html</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn22"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftnref22" name="_ftn22" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[22]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span><a href="http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/pdf/hamas_e017.pdf"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/pdf/hamas_e017.pdf</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">, p.3 <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn23"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftnref23" name="_ftn23" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[23]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span><a href="http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2008/11/20/letter-hamas-stop-rocket-attacks"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2008/11/20/letter-hamas-stop-rocket-attacks</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn24"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftnref24" name="_ftn24" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[24]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> Those who accept HRW reports, “</span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="color:#42210B;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color:#42210B;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">However, throughout the ceasefire period other armed groups have continued to intermittently fire rockets from Gaza. As the governing authority in the Gaza Strip, it is your responsibility under international law to prevent such attacks, and to arrest and prosecute those who carry them out.” – they did not meet this requirement. </span></span></span></span><a href="http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2008/11/20/letter-hamas-stop-rocket-attacks"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://www.hrw.org/en/news/2008/11/20/letter-hamas-stop-rocket-attacks</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn25"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftnref25" name="_ftn25" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[25]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span><a href="http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L26679526.htm"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/L26679526.htm</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn26"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftnref26" name="_ftn26" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[26]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span><a href="http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/44904000/gif/_44904440_gaza_goods_226gr.gif"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://newsimg.bbc.co.uk/media/images/44904000/gif/_44904440_gaza_goods_226gr.gif</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn27"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftnref27" name="_ftn27" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[27]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span><a href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/israel-closes-gaza-border-crossings-once-again-in-wake-of-qassam-1.248760"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://www.haaretz.com/news/israel-closes-gaza-border-crossings-once-again-in-wake-of-qassam-1.248760</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn28"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftnref28" name="_ftn28" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[28]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span><a href="http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3620406,00.html"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3620406,00.html</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn29"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftnref29" name="_ftn29" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[29]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/20/world/middleeast/20mideast.html"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://www.nytimes.com/2008/12/20/world/middleeast/20mideast.html</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn30"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftnref30" name="_ftn30" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[30]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span><a href="http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrcouncil/specialsession/9/docs/UNFFMGC_Report.pdf"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://www2.ohchr.org/english/bodies/hrcouncil/specialsession/9/docs/UNFFMGC_Report.pdf</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">, p.71-77<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn31"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftnref31" name="_ftn31" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[31]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span><a href="http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE4A37B520081105"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE4A37B520081105</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn32"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; "><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftnref32" name="_ftn32" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[32]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> See also the Goldstone Report at p.78: “The soldiers attacked a house in the Wadi al-Salqa village, east of Deir al-Balah, which was alleged to be the starting point of the tunnel, killing a member of the al-Qassam Brigades.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn33"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftnref33" name="_ftn33" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[33]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span><a href="http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/html/ct_e011.htm"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/html/ct_e011.htm</span></span></a></p> </div> <div id="ftn34"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftnref34" name="_ftn34" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[34]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> “</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style=" color: rgb(70, 70, 70); "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">The fighting broke out on Tuesday evening as Israeli tanks and a bulldozer moved 250m into the central part of the coastal enclave, backed by military aircraft, says the BBC's Aleem Maqbool in Ramallah.</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">” </span></span></span><a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7709603.stm"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7709603.stm</span></span></a></p> </div> <div id="ftn35"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftnref35" name="_ftn35" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[35]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/pdf/g_report_e1.pdf, p.83 </span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn36"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftnref36" name="_ftn36" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[36]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span><a href="http://www.hrw.org/en/node/84867/section/5#_ftnref15"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://www.hrw.org/en/node/84867/section/5#_ftnref15</span></span></a></p> </div> <div id="ftn37"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftnref37" name="_ftn37" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[37]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span><a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7709603.stm"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7709603.stm</span></span></a></p> </div> <div id="ftn38"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText" style="text-align: left;"><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftnref38" name="_ftn38" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[38]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span><a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7709603.stm"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/7709603.stm</span></span></a></p> </div> <div id="ftn39"> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; line-height: normal; "><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftnref39" name="_ftn39" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[39]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> Malam notes that “</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">During the first period of the lull Israel closed the crossings for short periods of time in response to attacks on its territory. In the last month and a half of the lull the crossings remained closed </span></span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">most of the time </span></span></b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">since there were constant attacks and more alerts. However, the crossings did open on occasion following appeals by international aid organizations regarding shortages in the Gaza Strip, but they were soon reclosed because of the continuing fire” (</span></span><a href="http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/pdf/g_report_e1.pdf"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://www.terrorism-info.org.il/malam_multimedia/English/eng_n/pdf/g_report_e1.pdf</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">, p.84)<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn40"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftnref40" name="_ftn40" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[40]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> Ibid, p.40</span></span></p> </div> <div id="ftn41"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftnref41" name="_ftn41" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[41]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span><a href="http://www.ynet.co.il/english/articles/0,7340,L-3637877,00.html"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://www.ynet.co.il/english/articles/0,7340,L-3637877,00.html</span></span></a></p> </div> <div id="ftn42"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftnref42" name="_ftn42" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[42]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span><a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/7791100.stm"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/7791100.stm</span></span></a></p> </div> <div id="ftn43"> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftnref43" name="_ftn43" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[43]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span><a href="http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/hamas-declares-end-to-cease-fire-israeli-gov-t-sources-fear-violence-is-unavoidable-1.259846"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/hamas-declares-end-to-cease-fire-israeli-gov-t-sources-fear-violence-is-unavoidable-1.259846</span></span></a></p> </div> <div id="ftn44"> <p style="margin:0cm;margin-bottom:.0001pt"><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2010/07/cast-lead-ceasefire.html#_ftnref44" name="_ftn44" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" line-height: 115%; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[44]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> “</span></span><span style="color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Officials within Hamas said the Islamist group believes the lull should be extended, however there will likely be new conditions stipulated in the renewal of the agreement – namely that Israel must vow to keep the border crossings permanently open.” </span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><a href="http://www.ynet.co.il/english/articles/0,7340,L-3637877,00.html"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">http://www.ynet.co.il/english/articles/0,7340,L-3637877,00.h</span>tml</a></span></span></p></div></div><p></p><div style="mso-element:footnote-list"><div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn14"> </div></div>Folderolhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00674335938397735100noreply@blogger.com1tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6649679349532215723.post-71487487587402115432010-07-15T07:05:00.000-07:002011-02-14T08:28:52.505-08:00Innocent Abroad<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Calibri;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-family:Georgia, serif;"></span></span></p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Calibri;"><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-family:Georgia, serif;"></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><b><i>"The word Palestine always brought to my mind a vague suggestion of a country as large as the United States. I suppose it was because I could not conceive of a small country having so large a history."</i></b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">I was dreading landing at Ben-Gurion, I had heard so many different stories. The story of an American student’s laptop being shot three times actually deterred me from taking my laptop</span></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=7850601105751742238&postID=4711451063191561884#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">. My passport had ‘Born: Kabul’ – this was enough (as I expected) for them to ask me to step aside. They took me into a side room where I waited. “Who are you staying with? Whats your father’s name? Whats your grandfather’s name? How much money do you have?”</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">The border control guard must have realised I was nervous.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">“Are you nervous?”<br />“Yes, I think you’re going to send me back”<br />“Why should I have a reason to send you back?”<br />“Because I’m from Afghanistan.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">I also had a Turkish visa from my trip last year which couldn’t have helped. The border control guard was either bare-face lying or trying to comfort me (or both?) when he said “</span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">You weren’t taken aside because you were born in Afghanistan, every 5 people are randomly taken aside</span></span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">.” This was obviously baloney given that the flight I came in on (and I imagine most of the flights) were overwhelmingly white yet the side-room was 60% ethnic (I was surprised to actually see as many white people as I did). I was made to wait and then eventually let go. It was only after that my host told me that the border control guard told him that Shin Bet would call him. My Israeli(-Jewish) host joked that he was “on the Shin Bet grid now.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">When Israel is mentioned in the news, its painted as this military society. But despite the soldiers walking around with guns, I didn’t really get that impression. Even the female guards who were to left of where I was waiting were talking about my hair. My host told me the “biggest safety risk” was dehydration. He complained about vehicular casualties. It really wasn’t a ‘society at war’ or as La Guardia says you sense the “war Israel lives under.”</span></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=7850601105751742238&postID=4711451063191561884#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"> You don’t. It’s just like landing at Heathrow – with an extra dose of annoyance. The only time when I was reminded that there was a “war” was while I was in the Dead Sea and an Israeli F-16 flew overhead.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align: center; "><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">“And the nations of them which are saved shall walk in the light of it: and the kings of the earth do bring their glory and honour into it.”</span></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=7850601105751742238&postID=4711451063191561884#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">[3]</span></span></span></b></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">On my first day, I went to Jerusalem and had the typical tourist’s tour. The tour was remarkably balanced and he recalled a story about a woman when Jordan occupied the West Bank. </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">During 1948-1967, there was a ceasefire line that ran through the middle of Jerusalem. An old woman was looking out from west Jerusalem and her false teeth fell on to no man's land. To get back her teeth, there had to be negotiations. There were nine UN meetings to discuss this woman's teeth. Eventually, a representative of the UN went down and found her teeth in the rubble. And who says the UN isn’t useful?</span></span><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">In east Jerusalem it smells, its crowded and more nerve racking than Israeli security in airports. Its filled with Arabs trying to con you. Most sales start with the shop-keeper saying “It’s 200 shekels,” you walk away and you can manage to get it down to 20 shekels. I felt sorry for the tourists who wouldn’t try to haggle. I managed to buy a baby Jesus for 40 shekels, down from 150. There are people (mostly Arabs) who walk around Jerusalem who try to get you to come on a personal tour – don’t do it. They don’t know enough, they’re quiet and they charge extortionate prices.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">I decided that given I could pass as a Muslim I would try to get into the Dome of the Rock compound during prayer time (I think thats why they weren’t allowing non-Muslims in). What followed was interrogation – more than Israeli passport control. “Are you a Muslim?” I had debated with myself whether I should lie to get in. I finally decided that I would – “Yes.” He then rather quickly said “Show me your passport.. So you’re from Afghanistan? And you’re a Muslim?” I said yes again. “Say something in Arabic” – I said the only thing I knew (aside from ‘</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">Khaybar al Yahud</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">’ [Slaughter the Jews] and ‘Allahu akbar’): “</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">Bismillah ira-ach mana raheem. layla illah-lah mahummad-a rasu-lala”</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">This wasn’t enough: “Now say a Surah from the Quran” – I didn’t know anything like that. I knew English translation of certain passages but that wouldn’t fly. “Every Muslim can say one..” He then proceeded to recite one to me. “And you are a Muslim?” for the third time. I said yes again and he finally let me in.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">They were holding a rally inside the compound. I kept hearing ‘Al Aqsa’ and when I asked someone what it was about, he said in broken in English “Because.. of Al Aqsa.” I usually don’t really think much of children playing with toy-guns but when I saw the Arab children running around with them I had an awry feeling. I was approached several times by groups of boys (apparently still stuck in the 90s where they would walk around trying to impress people) “Are you a Muslim?.” It must have been what I was wearing; shorts and a shirt. I may have also been confused for a Sephardi Jew (my host said I really looked like a Yemenite Jew).<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">I decided to leave – it wasn’t very welcoming being questioned every 30 seconds and the rally seemed to be filled with anger. I was reminded of Fairuz’s poem: “</span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">This House is Ours.. Jerusalem is Ours.</span></span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">”</span></span></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=7850601105751742238&postID=4711451063191561884#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"> On the way out, again I was asked if I was a Muslim. “</span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">Are you carrying a weapon?.. Let me see your bag.</span></span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">” I had only just remembered that I had bought a model of a baby Jesus for a friend and it was in the bag. I was shit scared. Whether they would have done anything, I have no idea – but it would suggest I was lying about being a Muslim. Luckily he didn’t check inside the plastic bag.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><b><i>Pilgrims, sinners and Arabs are all abed, now, and the camp is still.</i></b></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><b><i></i></b></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">During my stay I went on a tour with Breaking the Silence (an Israeli NGO which takes testimonies from IDF soldiers – usually describing abhorrent behaviour.) They took us on a tour of the Hebron Hills. The guide was quite partisan and he told a few falsehoods. As we were driving down Road 60 he said that Palestinians weren’t allowed to use the road – but as we were driving, there were Palestinians with their donkeys using the road.</span></span></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=7850601105751742238&postID=4711451063191561884#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"> I hope others saw this. We were taken to several Palestinian villages (where we spoke to the villagers) and shown Jewish settlements. Palestinian villages are really just collection of tents. They are harassed by both soldiers and the minority-ideological settlers – the extent this happens is hard to tell. The settlers also, according to Breaking the Silence, falsely accuse the Palestinians of being violent (whether this is true is also hard to discern).</span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">We walked to edge of Lucifer’s Farm – land which Yaakov Talya essentially stole. His farm is named aptly. Talya was a South African who converted to Judaism after the Apartheid regime ended. He used Ottoman laws which stated that farming land which wasn’t used for 7 years could be claimed by those who worked on it. The farm is really owned by Palestinians who travelled to the farm only during certain parts of the year. So Talya took the farm and patrolled “his” land for 7 years to insure that no Palestinian entered for 7 years.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">On the way back, an Israeli soldier asked if he could hitchhike with us. “</span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">He must not know who we are</span></span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">” the guide joked. Someone asked the tour guide about what he personally thought of Zionism; “</span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">Zionism is racism.. there was a resolution passed in the 1970s which said exactly this and its right</span></span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">” – he omitted that this has since been repealed. To his credit, he did seem to argue against the pro-Palestinian activists on the tour; “</span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">No, the wall has helped... Israel is a democracy, its why I am able to do this.. We don’t get threats</span></span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">I also went to an Israeli NGO which in contrast had a pro-Israel agenda. NGO Monitor does what it says on the label. I met with one of their researchers, Naftali Balanson. “</span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">I want you to find what the Rachel Corrie Foundation is doing that isn’t on their website</span></span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">” he said to one of his workers. We then had a lengthy discussion about NGOs and whether they had political bias. The discussion didn’t yield any new information I wasn’t aware of but was interesting nonetheless.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">On the way to NGO Monitor, I met a taxi-driver of Afghan descent. “</span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">My mother is from Herat... You know there are only two Jews in Afghanistan now</span></span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">?” I told him that one of them had died and he seemed a little upset. He pointed at a bar in Jerusalem “</span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">You know here, Arab came and blew himself up? Very bad.” </span></span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">In another taxi ride, I had a Palestinian driver. I decided to play dumb and ask him what he thought should happen to Jerusalem. “</span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">They cannot divide it.. it must be one.. So should the whole of Palestine.. Not like Fatah, like Hamas.” </span></span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">Continuing my act, “Don’t Hamas hate Jews?” He replied “</span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">No.. this is not religious.. they just want them to give back Palestine</span></span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align: center; "><span class="apple-style-span"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">“We don’t have horns, you know”<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">Most Israelis speak English which meant I didn’t really have to pick up any Hebrew. I didn’t experience any animosity but hospitality. While I was walking in Jerusalem, I got lost and asked a soldier for help. He and his girlfriend walked with me for 20 minutes and then decided to drive me to the station. He had just returned from his service on the Jordanian border. He must have thought that I was thinking he was a murderer or something because he said “</span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">We don’t have horns, you know</span></span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">Speaking generally, Israelis are just like us: Westerners. My host told me that Israelis didn’t want war, “</span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">Fuck Lebanon, we don't want war. There is just no reason</span></span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">." </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">He then went on to tell me about one of his experiences in the 2006 war in Lebanon. He works as a meteorologist for the IDF and he was just by the border marking points for fire. He did this for 34 days straight. During this time, he and his comrades became frustrated – with the heat, the bad food and the way the war was going. Instead of deserting the IDF (which my friend definitely wouldn't want), they decided they wanted pizza. They went to a village in northern Israel which wasn't far from the border. The village was empty because the people had fled because of incoming missiles.</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"> </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">It should really have been a sign because his unit was then bombarded with missiles. They drove away as fast as they could but managed to stop by a shop– the owner seemed to be the only person around. By chance, pizza was available. "</span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">Here, just take it and get out of here</span></span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">"<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">Returning from Tiberias and the West Bank, there was a lot of traffic. Gilad Schalit’s family had organised a 10,000-strong protest on the road from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem. Graffiti in Tel Aviv read “Free Gilad” and banners were everywhere. An apartment below the one I was staying in had a sticker which had a vector of Gilad. I didn’t hear much about the 8,000 Palestinians being held in Israel.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align: center; "><span class="apple-style-span"><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">The state of Tel Aviv<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></b></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">Tel Aviv is like a completely different place to the rest of the country. The streets are filled on the Sabbath. Israeli soldiers walk around with their guns – for me, it made me feel safer. Soldiers were of multiple creeds – Ethiopians, Druze, Ashkenzai, Sephardi. The streets outside the Central Bus station were filled with black people. When crossing the road, cars may still come at you because in some places a green man means that you are given a priority, not a monopoly over the road. This means you may shit yourself on the road a couple of times.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">Walking on the coastline is so picturesque that I didn’t really believe a photo would do it justice. There are memorials in several places. Outside a bar on the coast where a suicide bomber killed 19 people there is a memorial which speaks of a “bloody attack by terrorists.” There is also a set of huge stones which document the ships that arrived in the 40s from Europe filled with Jews.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">The road which follows the beach has two flags on every lamp-post. I wasn’t surprised at this manifestation of nationalism but it did create quite the contrast to London. In the residential streets, there were far fewer flags hanging from the windows. My host told me that they were mostly left behind from Independence Day. Because of Tel Aviv's exceptionalism, its called 'the state of Tel Aviv'. Its rare to see an orthodox Jew. When I was in Jerusalem on the Sabbath, I wanted to take a picture of them. As I raised my camera, they all ducked and covered their faces and went around me. My host told that he and his girlfriend were walking and an orthodox Jew covering his eyes walked passed. The settlers in Hebron are worse - they throw rocks at those who they consider friendly to the Palestinians. <o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: center; line-height: normal; "><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">The University of Hummus<o:p></o:p></span></span></i></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; "><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"></span></span></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">After who started the Six Day War, where the best hummus is in the Levant is the biggest debate in Israel. Israelis take it really and ridiculously seriously. The Lonely Planet guide talks about a place which has the 'hummus to end all hummus''. I asked my host where he thought the best hummus was in Israel and he said "Hummus is like a philosophy... There are different schools of hummus." When I and said I had had the best hummus in Jerusalem according the guide he scoffed - "What do they know? They probably never had decent hummus in their life."<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: 0.0001pt; text-align: justify; line-height: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">I went to Jaffa because the guide said it was the best hummus in all of Israel. It was in the middle of nowhere but as I turned the corner there was a huge queue. A man from Ariel (a settlement in the West Bank) which is around 2 hour drive from Jaffa was waiting as well. I don't remember how but we started talking. He told me that he drives down to Jaffa every 2-3 weeks to buy hummus from that hummus place (Ali Caravan). He asked me where I was from. I told him that I'm from London and then he looked away in disgust. I thought he doubted I was from London so I asked him why. "</span></span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">They have fake hummus in London</span></span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">." He managed to get me a seat (the line was so large that 20-30 people were waiting for a table). It was the best hummus, I would drive 2 hours for it.<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"></span></span></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="text-align: center; "><b><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">Yerida</span></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=7850601105751742238&postID=4711451063191561884#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">[6]</span></span></span></b></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></i></b></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">Back at Ben-Gurion I was approached by a female official. She looked at my passport. “You will have to follow us.. we think you may be used to put a bomb on the plane.” I think she was a bit insulted that I wasn’t surprised and seemed more interested in Harry Potter and the Deathly Hallows. She then put a sticker with the number 6 on my passport and baggage. I knew what this meant after having read the following at Mondoweiss a couple of months a go;<o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"></span></span></p><blockquote><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">“1” is awesome, “6” is you’re fucked. 1 is reserved for white Jewish Israelis, 2 is for white Jewish non-Israelis and friendly internationals, 3 is a suspicious Israeli or international, 4 is sometimes given to non-white Israelis, 5 is for Arab Israelis or questionable internationals, and 6 is for Palestinians, Muslims, and hostile internationals.</span></span></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=7850601105751742238&postID=4711451063191561884#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;">[7]</span></span></span></span></span></a></blockquote><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=7850601105751742238&postID=4711451063191561884#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span><p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">They searched my bag and then patted me down. And that was it. I was led to the gate by an official. Again, playing dumb I wanted to know more “Is this a 9 or a 6?” – He replied: “It’s a 6 – its a lucky number” I didn’t have to have my hand luggage checked, “See, I told you it was lucky.”<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify; "><span class="apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">On the plane ride over, around 2 hours in a group of Orthodox Jews went to the front of the plane huddled in a corner and started humming and moving back and forth – praying. If these people were doing this under any other name they would be classed as insane. I arrived in London and appreciated that it took 2 minutes to get through passport control. It confirmed that I was home and that I was ‘one of them’.</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">And then I just chundered everywhere.</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"><br /></span></span><hr align="left" size="1" width="33%"><div id="ftn1"><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=7850601105751742238&postID=4711451063191561884#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"> </span></span><a href="http://www.haaretz.com/news/police-shoot-u-s-student-s-laptop-upon-entry-to-israel-1.2072"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">http://www.haaretz.com/news/police-shoot-u-s-student-s-laptop-upon-entry-to-israel-1.2072</span></span></a></p></div><div id="ftn2"><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=7850601105751742238&postID=4711451063191561884#_ftnref2" name="_ftn2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"> Holy Land, Holy War: Israelis and Palestinians, La Guardia, p.2 (2008)</span></span></p></div><div id="ftn3"><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=7850601105751742238&postID=4711451063191561884#_ftnref3" name="_ftn3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"> Revelation 21:24</span></span></p></div><div id="ftn4"><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=7850601105751742238&postID=4711451063191561884#_ftnref4" name="_ftn4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"> Translation available here: </span></span><a href="http://tasnimqutait.blogspot.com/2010/07/translation-fairuz-flower-of-cities.html"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">http://tasnimqutait.blogspot.com/2010/07/translation-fairuz-flower-of-cities.html</span></span></a></p></div><div id="ftn5"><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=7850601105751742238&postID=4711451063191561884#_ftnref5" name="_ftn5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"> See also here: </span></span><a href="http://elderofziyon.blogspot.com/2010/06/tragic-accident-with-interesting-detail.html"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">http://elderofziyon.blogspot.com/2010/06/tragic-accident-with-interesting-detail.html</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"></span></span></p></div><div id="ftn6"><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=7850601105751742238&postID=4711451063191561884#_ftnref6" name="_ftn6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"> No, I’m not Jewish.</span></span></p></div><div id="ftn7"><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=7850601105751742238&postID=4711451063191561884#_ftnref7" name="_ftn7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">[7]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"> </span></span><a href="http://mondoweiss.net/2010/03/what-it-means-to-go-to-ben-gurion-airport-with-an-arab-friend.html"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;">http://mondoweiss.net/2010/03/what-it-means-to-go-to-ben-gurion-airport-with-an-arab-friend.html</span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:georgia;"> - how reliable this description is, I have no idea.</span></span></p></div></div><p></p></span><p></p><div style="mso-element:footnote-list"><div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn7"> </div></div>Folderolhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00674335938397735100noreply@blogger.com4tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6649679349532215723.post-2496857264287999822009-12-21T06:51:00.000-08:002009-12-21T06:56:29.067-08:00The Missed Peace III: Barak and Syria<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">In 1948, </span><st1:country-region st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Syria</span></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> won land that gave it access to the </span><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Sea of Galilee</span></st1:place><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">.</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6649679349532215723&postID=249685726428799982#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[1]</span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> The 1948 war had two stages: the first stage (which was mostly a civil war between the Palestinians and the Jews) and second stage where the Arab nations invaded </span><st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Palestine</span></st1:place></st1:city><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">.</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6649679349532215723&postID=249685726428799982#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[2]</span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> The first stage began after it was clear that Palestinians had rejected the UN Partition Plan.</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6649679349532215723&postID=249685726428799982#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[3]</span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> The first stage was initiated by the Arabs and the Jewish forces remained largely defensive for the first phase of the first stage.</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6649679349532215723&postID=249685726428799982#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[4]</span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> The second stage was also initiated by the Arabs.</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6649679349532215723&postID=249685726428799982#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[5]</span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> Essentially, this was not a war of self-defence on the part of the Arabs or the Palestinians.</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6649679349532215723&postID=249685726428799982#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[6]</span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:14px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">In 1967, </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Israel</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> launched a war in which it gained territory three times the size of its 1949 borders. In response, the United Nations Security Council passed a resolution, 242. This is not a binding resolution.</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6649679349532215723&postID=249685726428799982#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[7]</span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> However, there is a statement which reflects international law and is held on to closely by all the Arab regimes. “The inadmissibility of the acquisition of territory by war.”</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6649679349532215723&postID=249685726428799982#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[8]</span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> In an aggressive war, this doctrine isn’t disputed.</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6649679349532215723&postID=249685726428799982#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[9]</span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> Part of the reason for calling for a withdrawal of </span><st1:country-region st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Israel</span></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> from </span><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">West Bank</span></st1:place><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> is because it is there illegally and that it cannot take land that does not belong to it by force.</span></span></span></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:14px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Yet the same principle isn’t applied to </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Syria</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">. </span><st1:country-region st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Syria</span></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> entered a war aggressively and won land that gave it access to </span><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Sea of Galilee</span></st1:place><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">. It has no right over such land.</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6649679349532215723&postID=249685726428799982#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[10]</span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> There are two borders: the 1923 International Border and the June 4</span><sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">th</span></sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> lines. The latter gives it access to the Sea. If the principle were applied to </span><st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Syria</span></st1:country-region></st1:place><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">, then there would have to be a return to the 1923 lines.</span></span></span></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:14px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">When Barak came to power in 1999, he offered the Syrians a withdrawal based on the June 4</span><sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">th</span></sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> lines but that would not give them access to the Sea.</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6649679349532215723&postID=249685726428799982#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[11]</span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> Even though </span><st1:country-region st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Syria</span></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> had no claim to the extra-territory, Barak offered exchanges so that </span><st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Syria</span></st1:country-region></st1:place><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> would be getting 100% of the land mass they wanted.</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6649679349532215723&postID=249685726428799982#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[12]</span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> A national park in which sovereignty would not be given to either party would be offered for the area adjacent to the Sea (thereby encroaching on Israeli land). </span><st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Syria</span></st1:country-region></st1:place><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> rejected this.</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6649679349532215723&postID=249685726428799982#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[13]</span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> They rejected it on the grounds that it didn’t give them access to the sea.</span></span></span></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:14px;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">This was also offered in 1967.</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6649679349532215723&postID=249685726428799982#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[14]</span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> It was rejected then as well. The inadmissibility of acquisition of territory by force is a principle that people should held consistently. Hypocrisy thy name is </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Syria</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">.</span></span></span></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;font-size:10.0pt;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 19px; font-family:'Gill Sans MT', serif;font-size:12px;"></span></span></p><div class="smallfont" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 2px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-size:12px;"><a rel="nofollow" onclick="if (this.parentNode.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div')[1].getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display != '') { this.parentNode.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div')[1].getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display = ''; } else { this.parentNode.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div')[1].getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display = 'none'; }" style="text-decoration: none; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:small;">Notes and Sources</span></a></div><div class="alt2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; background-image: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: inset; border-right-style: inset; border-bottom-style: inset; border-left-style: inset; border-color: initial; "><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: none; "><div class="quote" style="margin-top: 5px; margin-right: 20px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 20px; padding-top: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: url(http://static.thestudentroom.co.uk/newlayout/images/misc/quotes.gif); border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; "><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); "><p class="MsoNormal"><a name="_ftn1"></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:x-small;"></span></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn1"></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'Gill Sans MT';"></span></p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'Gill Sans MT';"><p class="MsoNormal"><a name="_ftn1"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftnref1#_ftnref1" title=""><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">[1]</span></span></a><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"> </span></span><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;color:black;"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f8j6RDlYKA0"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f8j6RDlYKA0</span></a></span><span style=" ;font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"><a name="_ftn2"></a></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftnref2#_ftnref2" title=""><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">[2]</span></span></a><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"> </span></span><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">Righteous Victims, Benny Morris, p.191 (Vintage, 2001)</span></span><span style=" ;font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"><a name="_ftn3"></a></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftnref3#_ftnref3" title=""><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">[3]</span></span></a><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"> </span></span><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">Ibid, p.186, 1948, Benny Morris, p.76 and One Palestine, Complete, Tom Segev 498-501</span></span><span style=" ;font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"><a name="_ftn4"></a></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftnref4#_ftnref4" title=""><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">[4]</span></span></a><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"> </span></span><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">Righteous Victims, Morris, p.196</span></span><span style=" ;font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"><a name="_ftn5"></a></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftnref5#_ftnref5" title=""><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">[5]</span></span></a><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"> </span></span><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">Ibid, p.218-20</span></span><span style=" ;font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"><a name="_ftn6"></a></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftnref6#_ftnref6" title=""><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">[6]</span></span></a><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"> </span></span><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">Norman Finkelstein, quoting Zeev Maoz says that this is the one war, according to him, that can be considered a war of self-defence on the part of the Israelis. (Defending the </span><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">Holy Land</span></st1:place></span><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">: A Critical Analysis ofIsrael's Security and Foreign Policy, Zeev Maoz)</span></span><span style=" ;font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"><a name="_ftn7"></a></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftnref7#_ftnref7" title=""><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">[7]</span></span></a><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"> </span></span><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">UNSC 242 is a Chapter VI resolution: these are not binding international law. Chapter VII, however, are binding international law. For more on the distinction, see</span></span><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"> </span></span><st1:country-region st="on"><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">Israel</span></span></st1:country-region><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"> </span></span><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">and</span></span><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"> </span></span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">Iraq</span></span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">: United Nations Double Standards –UN Charter Article 25 and Chapters VI and VII, Gerald M. Adler</span></span><span style=" ;font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"><a name="_ftn8"></a></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftnref8#_ftnref8" title=""><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">[8]</span></span></a><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"> </span></span><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">UNSC 242</span></span><span style=" ;font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"><a name="_ftn9"></a></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftnref9#_ftnref9" title=""><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">[9]</span></span></a><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"> </span></span><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">War, Aggression and Self-Defence, Yoram Dinstein, p.168-72</span></span><span style=" ;font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"><a name="_ftn10"></a></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftnref10#_ftnref10" title=""><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">[10]</span></span></a><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"> </span></span><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">The 1923 border was established in ‘</span></span><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">Agreement between His Majesty's Government and the French Government respecting the Boundary Line between </span><st1:country-region st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">Syria</span></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"> and </span><st1:city st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">Palestine</span></st1:city><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"> from the </span><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">Mediterranean</span></st1:place><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"> to El Hámmé’ – in this agreement there were some reservations made about the water usage. However, this is largely irrelevant as this does not give them sovereignty over such areas.</span></span><span style=" ;font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"><a name="_ftn11"></a></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftnref11#_ftnref11" title=""><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">[11]</span></span></a><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"> </span></span><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;color:black;"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f8j6RDlYKA0"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f8j6RDlYKA0</span></a></span><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"> </span></span><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">and</span></span><span style=" ;font-family:Verdana;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"> </span><st1:country-region st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">Israel</span></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"> and </span><st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">Palestine</span></st1:place></st1:city><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">, Avi Shlaim, p.271</span></span><span style=" ;font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"><a name="_ftn12"></a></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftnref12#_ftnref12" title=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">[12]</span></a><span style=" ;font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"> </span></span><span style=" ;font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">Ibid, p.271<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"><a name="_ftn13"></a></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftnref13#_ftnref13" title=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">[13]</span></a><span style=" ;font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"> </span></span><span style=" ;font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">Footnote 1, 11, 12<o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"><a name="_ftn14"></a></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftnref14#_ftnref14" title=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">[14]</span></a><span style=" ;font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"> </span></span><span style=" ;font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><a href="http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2009/08/missed-peace-part-1-june-19th-cabinet.html"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">http://horsesanddefinitions.blogspot.com/2009/08/missed-peace-part-1-june-19th-cabinet.html</span></a></span><span style=" ;font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"> </span></span><span style=" ;font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">and also The Iron Wall, Avi Shlaim, p.254 </span><o:p></o:p></span></p></span><p></p></span></span></div></div></div></div><p></p><div style="mso-element:footnote-list"><div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn14"> </div></div>Folderolhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00674335938397735100noreply@blogger.com3tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6649679349532215723.post-11926070764784999182009-10-20T13:20:00.000-07:002010-03-13T15:38:58.266-08:00Bamboozlement Update<div style="text-align: justify;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">This post is an update from 'Palestinian Bamboozlement'. It is an assessment of how many Palestinians have been killed since 1881. The Israeli/Arab numbers do not reflect official numbers from the respective parties (unless stated in the footnotes). The Israeli numbers represent the lowest possible number from the historical literature and the Arab number represent the highest. The 'Personal' numbers reflect the most objective number possible for the event- justification is given in the footnotes. </span></span></div><div style="text-align: left;"><br /></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2TLHkkIpOssVvmixsDWS4bNBeCtMV1-OJ3Bw9B4B8a0qoRv50aaW09HtkVCsBdCAKNPudn2BFjrNnJ1V1ZW5Znw-C2oLnP0ibwpPTlPVYP2QxscoeXqLfykdicgw_gjBfskN6QZXiAos/s1600-h/large.jpg"><img style="cursor:pointer; cursor:hand;width: 400px; height: 379px;" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj2TLHkkIpOssVvmixsDWS4bNBeCtMV1-OJ3Bw9B4B8a0qoRv50aaW09HtkVCsBdCAKNPudn2BFjrNnJ1V1ZW5Znw-C2oLnP0ibwpPTlPVYP2QxscoeXqLfykdicgw_gjBfskN6QZXiAos/s400/large.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5394781350594207266" /></a></span></div><div style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">For a larger version, click </span><a href="http://img5.imageshack.us/img5/1563/largeft.jpg"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">here</span></a></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><br /></span></span></div><div style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">The changes are simply adding the numbers for 1967-1987 in territories, the numbers from 1881-1920 and adapting some numbers from Arab revolt (reasons for which can be found in corresponding footnotes). There are also two other numbers:</span></span></div><div><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><br /></span></span></span></span></div><div style="text-align: auto;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: collapse; font-size:medium;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span><table class="MsoNormalTable" border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0" width="320" style="text-align: center;width: 240.15pt; margin-left: 4.65pt; border-collapse: collapse; border-top-style: none; border-right-style: none; border-bottom-style: none; border-left-style: none; border-width: initial; border- color:initial;"> <tbody><tr style="mso-yfti-irow:0;mso-yfti-firstrow:yes;height:13.5pt"> <td width="289" nowrap="" valign="bottom" style="width:216.75pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:13.5pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;text-align:center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Arab Numbers Includes </span></span><span style="color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Sabra and Chalita </span></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Desktop/The%20Definition%20of%20a%20Horse/Palestinians%20Killed.doc#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color:black;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[102]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> <td width="31" nowrap="" valign="bottom" style="width:23.4pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-left:none;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height:13.5pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;text-align:center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">60,419</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> </tr> <tr style="mso-yfti-irow:1;mso-yfti-lastrow:yes;height:13.5pt"> <td width="289" nowrap="" valign="bottom" style="width:216.75pt;border:solid windowtext 1.0pt; border-top:none;mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt; height:13.5pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;text-align:center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Arab Numbers Includes Sabra and Chalita and unverified massacres given by Palestine Liberation Army Publication</span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Desktop/The%20Definition%20of%20a%20Horse/Palestinians%20Killed.doc#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color:black;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[103]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> <td width="31" nowrap="" valign="bottom" style="width:23.4pt;border-top:none; border-left:none;border-bottom:solid windowtext 1.0pt;border-right:solid windowtext 1.0pt; mso-border-top-alt:solid windowtext 1.0pt;mso-border-left-alt:solid windowtext 1.0pt; padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:13.5pt"> <p class="MsoNormal" align="center" style="mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto;text-align:center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">60,679</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p> </td> </tr> </tbody></table> <p class="MsoNormal"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> And in comparison to other conflicts again:</span></span></o:p></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate; font-family:Georgia, serif;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihAXQ_948aW0AfE25fJZxlUwAEQ47OpvEW8HrDFvutX9d7uhW2TUbiV5XqUpQKgmpRpyZhO-V1k873HcCeqf96BAok2xL7SofH3m3mb1MHLQc3xbNWiUKa_a-9-7oO6lnOKIunWdfZyrg/s1600-h/number+3.jpg"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><img src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEihAXQ_948aW0AfE25fJZxlUwAEQ47OpvEW8HrDFvutX9d7uhW2TUbiV5XqUpQKgmpRpyZhO-V1k873HcCeqf96BAok2xL7SofH3m3mb1MHLQc3xbNWiUKa_a-9-7oO6lnOKIunWdfZyrg/s400/number+3.jpg" border="0" alt="" id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5394785304192159378" style="cursor: pointer; width: 334px; height: 160px; " /></span></a></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="color:black;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">The most shocking one is Sri Lanka, during the same period of the Gaza hostilities, it didn't receive nearly as much as the conflict in Gaza did even though it had one-third of the deaths of the whole Israel-Palestinian conflict from 1920 - 2009 (using the highest number). How does the UN react? </span></span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Israel</span></span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> has had 249 UNGA Resolutions since 1997. </span></span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Sudan</span></span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> has received less than 14 (note, that over 1 million have been killed between the '80s and 2003). What about </span></span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Sri Lanka</span></span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">? Nowhere near 249. In fact, they had a resolution passed by the UNHRC praises and congratulates them. [107]</span></span></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: left;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="border-collapse: separate;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 19px; font-family:Verdana;font-size:12px;"></span></span></p><div class="smallfont" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 2px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-size:12px;"><a rel="nofollow" onclick="if (this.parentNode.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div')[1].getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display != '') { this.parentNode.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div')[1].getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display = ''; } else { this.parentNode.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div')[1].getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display = 'none'; }" style="text-decoration: none; color: rgb(0, 109, 168); "><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:small;">Notes and Sources</span></span></span></a></div><div class="alt2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; background-image: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); color: rgb(68, 68, 68); border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: inset; border-right-style: inset; border-bottom-style: inset; border-left-style: inset; border-color: initial; "><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: none; "><div class="quote" style="margin-top: 5px; margin-right: 20px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 20px; padding-top: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: url(http://static.thestudentroom.co.uk/newlayout/images/misc/quotes.gif); background-repeat: no-repeat; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); "><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); "><p class="MsoNormal"><a name="_ftn1"></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:x-small;"></span></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn1"></a></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">I have not included the 1947 Jerusalem Riots because the first deaths to of the First Arab-Israeli war were the Jews that were killed on the 30th December 1947, the deaths inflicted on 2nd of December were therefore included in the 1948 war number (i.e. as a result of the Irgun bomb)[74] I have not included the"Arab Al-Azazmeh" Massacre” of 1950 because these were Bedouin.[75] The figure is 13[76] I have not included theDier Ayyoob killings of 1954 because it is only the PLA source which is backed up byPalestinian Encyclopaedia – one died according to these sources.[77] I have not included the 1955 February Gaza Raidbecause all causalities were Egyptian[78] The supposed ‘massacre’ claimed by the PLA in Arab Al-Azazmeh in 1955 can not be substantiated by any other source; they don’t even know the whole story[79]. I am not including: Qalqilya Raid of 1956 where 83 died[80] because they were all Jordanian[81] - the same goes for the September Raids (11th, 13th and 25th) – in all around 67 died.[82]I have not included the Kafr Qasim Massacre of 1956 because those who died were Israeli Arabs[83] and although many classify them as Palestinian, I do not. The lowest number was 43[84] and the highest 52[85] – other number included 47[86], 48[87] and 49[88] - I would have accepted 49 because 1) it comes from Morris, 2) the highest number comes from a ‘PLA’ source. Regarding the 1982 Lebanon War, one source that was given ‘Secondary Wars and Atrocities of the Twentieth Century’ does give seemingly higher figures however: they aren’t deaths. One figure given by the Palestinian Red Crescent Society is 27,000 but this included wounded (hence ‘k[illed] + w[ounded]). Another figure is that given by An Nahar, which states ’48,028’ – but this again is killed and wounded (as seen by 1) “included 17,825 k[illed,” 2) The previous An Nahar number being 17,825 being killed and 3) this figure would frankly be ridiculous – if Morris calls 19,000 a “vast exaggeration,” then over 40,000 is absurd). Sabra and Shatilia (1982) is not included because they were killed by Lebanese Christians, the number killed is the hardest number to reach, the IDF say up to 800, and some as high as 3,500. I would have accepted Fisk’s 1,700 (based on the 1,300 number given by al-Hout as a minimum). I will however incorporate this number, given Ariel Sharon’s part in the final results.Operation Accountability of 1993 is not included as all 118 civilians who were killed were Lebanese.[89] I have not included Operation Grapes of Wrath of 1996 (which includes the Qana bombing) because it seems to have been all Lebanese casualties as opposed to Palestinian. Indeed, all sources either say “civilians”[90] or “Lebanese”[91] The lowest number for the whole operation found was 151[92] and the highest 170[93] (others included 154[94]) - although what’s interesting is the difference in the number who died at a Qana; “approximately 100,”[95] “102,”[96] “103,”[97] “105,”[98]“possible as many as 100,”[99] “an estimated 100 people,”[100] “107/8”[101] – if I had to add this into the table, I would have accepted the 102 figure as most ambiguously state around 100 and the 102 figure is accepted by Amnesty, B’tselem and Avi Shlaim.</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[1] Righteous Victims, Benny Morris : 1, p.40; 1,p.47; 1,p.53, 1,p.62; 1,p.65; “dozens” – 24, p.93. Not including deaths on p.94 which seem to be Arabs from the Golan (and thus Syrian).</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[2] Number based on Survey of Palestine, volume 1, p.17. This could easily be said to be 0 as the protection was given by the British who tried to stop Arabs entering the Jewish quarter. Indeed, they declared “martial law” and troops disarmed both sides (the Haganah being present) - Righteous Victims, Benny Morris (p.96, Vintage, 1999) – However, there is no basis for this.</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[3] There are no other exact figures available – Morris (p.96, Righteous Victims, Vintage 1999) says “several,” Gilbert (Israel: A History, p.43, Black Swan, 2007) mentions only Jewish causalities and Sachar says “a number” of both Arabs and Jews had been killed (A History of Israel, p.123, Knopf, 2007). One source, supposedly, gives the same number – I, however, do not have access to it (Segev, One Palestine Complete, p.127-144, 2003)</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[4] Survey of Palestine, volume 1, p.17</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[5] A History of Israel, Sachar (p.123, Knopf, 2007), Righteous Victims, Morris (p.102, Vintage 1999) and alsoFoundations of civil and political rights in Israel and the occupied territories, Yvonne Schmidt (p.68, footnote 143, 2001). From the last source, it appears it is a government figure from the Haycraft Commission and also Survey of Palestine, volume 1, p.18. There seems to be no dispute/other figures available. All of the aforementioned say 48. The extra 3 added on comes from a clash that occurred in November (Righteous Victims, Morris (p.102, Vintage 1999)</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[6] This number is based on the 87 Arab deaths given by Sachar (A History of Israel, p.175, Knopf, 2007) and Gilbert (Israel: A History, p60, Black Swan, 2007) and then Gilbert, on p.60, says that the 87 Arabs were “mostly” shot by British troops, I have interpreted this as a conservative 60% - this may change depending on leanings. This is also supported by History of Palestine, Gudrun Kramer, p.232 (Princeton University Press, 2008) who says that “majority of Arabs fell due to British counter-measures”</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[7] I will accept the Arab number for this, however, I will accept Gilbert’s evaluation that “most” (here interpreted as 60%) were killed by British Palestine Police, which would leave us with 46. The reason for accepting the number given by Morris (footnote 3) is because there seems to be basis (British report) and also much wider consensus (Morris, Wasserstein (p.237, 1991), Sela (p64-71, 1994) [Both quoted from Morris, p.700, footnote 249] and A Survey of Palestine, vol. I, p. 24). Gilbert’s foundation that “most” were killed by the British, seems to be reinforced through the fact that the Shaw Report says that “in few instances” Jews attacked Arabs, it goes on to say that when they did occur, they were retaliatory. It should also be noted that this figure changes: 87, 116 but also 110 (BBC figure: http://www.mefacts.com/cached.asp?x_id=10931)</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[8] Righteous Victims, Benny Morris (p.116), this seems to be a British endorsed number (A Survey of Palestine, vol. 1, p24 – put together by the Mandate government under Shaw (who headed the report in to the 1929 riots) – to hold this number, you would have to assume that all killed were killed by Israelis.</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[9] Righteous Victims, Benny Morris (p.159, Vintage, 1999) puts lowest number at 3,000 – if the Jews didn’t kill the majority of them, this would be a justified number.</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[10] Considering that one historian puts the figure of Arabs who killed one another at 4,500 and the figure is between 3-6,000 (ibid, p.159) and also between ’36-’37, most deaths were caused by the British (ibid, p.147) I feel this is a justified number. It should be emphasised that Sachar came up with 3,000+. Also, an Al Jazeera number is given at 5,000 making my figure more acceptable: http://tinyurl.com/n44orw</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[11] Ibid, p.159</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[12] Ibid, p.248, Sachar (personal correspondence dated 12/07/2009)</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[13] The numbers given by Howard Sachar are more objective than that by the Palestinian former leadership)</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[14] Al-Husseini (quoted from Ibid, p.248, he actually says “about” 12,000 were killed)</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[15] Israel’s Border Wars, Benny Morris (p.147, Oxford University Press, 1997)</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[16] While a pro-Israeli could argue that this number is inflated because the statistics do not distinguish between Palestinians and generic-Arabs, the fact they 90% (The Iron Wall, Avi Shlaim, p82, Penguin, 2001) were motivated by economic factors (meaning poverty – which would have been predominant among Palestinians) suggests that it would be very near this number. Also the fact Morris says “perhaps as many” leads me to suggest that it is not as large as 5,000. It must be noted that 2,700 is a number given by Morris.</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[17] Israel’s Border Wars, Benny Morris (p.147, Oxford University Press, 1997)</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[18] The Zionist Massacres, Palestine Liberation Army, p.32 (2002) – surprisingly.</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[19] Israel’s Border Wars, Benny Morris (p.206, Oxford University Press, 1997) figures of between 12-14 werereported – given that an Arab source says 10, 12 is reasonable.</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[20] Israel’s Border Wars, Benny Morris (p.206, Oxford University Press, 1997)</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[21] Israel’s Border Wars, Benny Morris (p.215, Oxford University Press, 1997)</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[22] Morris beats the objectivity of “The Zionist Massacres” and the source given in it ‘Who are the Terrorists’</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[23] The Zionist Massacres, Palestine Liberation Army, p.32 (2002)</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[24] Based on the number of people that died on 22 April according to Morris (p.277)</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[25] This number is based on the ten killed on 22 April, found here:http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/53936ddf3dd093a1852575530073f2e6/017eefb458011c9d05256722005e5499?OpenDocument</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[26] http://daccessdds.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N54/055/24/PDF/N5405524.pdf?OpenElement – the dates mean that this does include the Mayor killed at Falameh</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[27]http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/53936ddf3dd093a1852575530073f2e6/017eefb458011c9d05256722005e5499?OpenDocument – confirmed by UN beats below.</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[28] http://www.aisisraelstudies.org/2006papers/Gelber%20Yoav%202006.pdf</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[29] The Palestine Question, Henry Cattan, p.126, Routledge (1987)</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[30] The fact that Morris’ number is vague and that two other authorities provide definitive numbers means that I will accept 69.</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[31] Israel: A History, Martin Gilbert, p292, Black Swan, 2007 and also A History of Israel, Sachar (p.444, Knopf, 2007)</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[32] http://daccessdds.un.org/doc/UNDOC/GEN/N54/055/24/PDF/N5405524.pdf?OpenElement – Jordanian claimed vs. confirmed.</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[33] There were 9 deaths, 3 Arab Legion fighters and 5 National Guards – only 1 woman died. The two former are Jordanian and not Palestinian -http://unispal.un.org/unispal.nsf/796f8bc05ec4f30885256cef0073cf3a/e7f2011e251d236105256728005b8174?OpenDocument</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[34] The Arab Legion fighters are definitely Jordanian also, they were 5, not 15 of them (see above, and also Support Any Friend, Warren Bass, p.39 – doesn’t go over 9 for the amount killed, i.e. matches figures above as does Morris, Border Wars, p.315) – as I do not whether Palestinians served on the National Guard, I will assume they did (this is after all pragmatic) so 1 woman + 5 National Guards.</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[35] A History of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, Mark Tessler, p.801, footnote 27: 14 National Guards + 3 Arab Legion fighters + 1 woman (see above for last two)</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[36] Given that the lowest number is 56 (Sachar, p.488), and that one source describes all causalities as ‘Egyptian’ (Bargaining and Learning, Russel Leng, p.132), I will say that 70% were Palestinians. Thus, 70% of 56 = 39.</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[37] Although Gilbert is an authority, the evidence seems to outweigh him: Morris (Righteous Victims, p.287), Sachar (p.488), Brecher and Wikenfield (Study of Crisis, p.274) and even the PLA do not go over 60 (p.35) – thus, I used Morris’ figure and then assumed 70% were Palestinian (see above source to see why this is reasonable).</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[38] Israel: A History, p.311, Black Swan, 2007</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[39] The Zionist Massacres, Palestine Liberation Army 2002, p.35</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[40] Bargaining and Learning, Leng, p.132. If he uses Sachar as a source for the first raid, it would be 56 – 116 = 60.</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[41] The following number all come from ibid, p424. UN Number: 447-550 – the disputed number killed in Rafah entry (this is put by official Israel numbers at 48-49 – the “contemporary Palestinian number” is actually 100 and I will assume this is included in the UN report considering it is based on Palestinian witnesses (ibid, p425, footnote 23)) – So, pro-Israelis could argue that the UN number is off by 52, which would mean 395 (48 killed – 100 = 52 – 447)</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[42] Ibid, p.424 – I have chosen this as a personal number as well because there are no other sources confirming lower. Morris believes this number includes the Feyadeen killed in the invasion.</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[43] Six Days of War, Michael Oren, p.34 and also Israel: A History, Martin Gilbert, p.364.</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[44] The Arab number is wrong: 1) Official Jordanian Documents says that no more than 5 civilians were killed, the rest were Jordanian soldiers (Arab Politics, Moshe Shemesh, p.86) 2) Finklestein says that 18 Jordanian Soldiers died (Image and Reality, p.124) - he is also wrong – Jordan said 15, as do Gilbert and Oren.</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[45] The Zionist Massacres, Palestine Liberation Army 2002, p.41</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[46] December 20, 1967: 20, Feb. 24, 1969: 3, April 24, 1970: 5, Jun. 27, 1970: 2, August, 1970: 1 + 2, Sept. 8, 1972: 59, October, 1972: 2 + 60, December, 1972: 3, Jun, 1974: 100, Nov, 1974: 3, Dec. 12, 1974: 1, 1975: July: 20, Aug: 12, Sept.: 2, Dec. 2: 92, 1978: Aug and Dec: 7, April 1979: 4, May 1979: 4, Jun 18, 1979: 10 – based onhttp://www.palestine-encyclopedia.com/EPP/Chapter31.htm - only those which explicitly refer to Palestinian deaths or Palestinian camp strikes have been included.</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[47] Arabs at War, Pollack, p.334 (University of Nebraska Press) – it actually says “about 100”</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[48] Righteous Victims, Benny Morris (p.369, Vintage, 1999). The reason for accepting this number is that it seems credible because it is given by Morris and it seems reasonable considering the distance between the two. Another reason for rejecting the Arab/Israeli figure is because another source (A History of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, Mark Tessler, p.425) says “as many as 170” Palestinians were killed – meaning both more than 100 and less than 200.</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[49] Arab-Israeli Wars, Herzog, p.205, (1987) – this source cannot be verified.</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[50] http://news.bbc.co.uk/onthisday/hi/dates/stories/may/16/newsid_2512000/2512399.stm</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[51] The BBC article says “at least,” and PLA source is higher than that given by Lebanese and Palestinian sources (Witness from the Pulpit, Saperstein, p.308, footnote 10) so that can be disregarded. The only definitive, reasonable number comes from Farid El-Khazen’s The Breakdown of a State in Lebanon 1967-1976, p.233, footnote 21 – which is 40.</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[52] The Zionist Massacres, Palestine Liberation Army 2002, p.42</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[53] Morris, Righteous Victims, p.384, Vintage 1991 – there were 8 Highjackers killed, 2 were German (Kuhulmann and Bose).</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[54] More than just the operation, see below.</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[55] See the footnote after the next – but take away Khalf, the dozens of guards who may have been Lebanese (Palestinian source, says that only 4 Palestinians died: http://www.palestine-encyclopedia.com/EPP/Chapter17_3of6.htm). 4 + 11 [3 killed + 8 guards] – there seems to be no evidence suggesting that they are not Palestinians.</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[56] This is one of dodgiest numbers created – it is based on the Arab figures but then some taken away for nationality. This should not be used as definitive.</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[57] Righteous Victims, Benny Morris, p.381-2, Vintage, 1999: a guard, Adwan, Nassir, Najjar and his wife. The “dozens” killed at the second dispatch (interpreted as 24), Boudia (June, 1973), Salameh and 8 others (1979) -http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/this_world/4627388.stm, Abu Daoud (1981) and Abu Iyad (1991)</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[58] Righteous Victims, Benny Morris, p.501, Vintage, 1999</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[59] Morris’ number says Palestinian civilians as opposed to Ron who says civilians. Along with this, in his footnote (40, p.723) he says that Israel committed small number of atrocities “involving only a handful of civilians” but he goes on to say that Israel-aligned Christian Militia carried out dozens of slaughters – this leads me to believe that 1) Ron’s figure includes Lebanese and 2) may include killings carried out by Sa’ad and his men (indeed, he says “the effort” which implies the Israeli aligned Christians)</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[60] Frontiers and Ghettos, James Ron, p.175, University of California Press, 2003</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[61] This number is based on 1,000 PLO Troops dying and the Israeli official figure of “hundreds” (Morris, Righteous Victims, p.558, Vintage 1991)</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[62] This is a very hard number to calculate. Morris says that “no accurate or reliable figure exists” – This number is worked out based on the fact that the number of PLO killed given by Morris (ibid, p558) and AP (http://www.webcitation.org/5gbBg9Jlu) is 1,000. AP say that ’19,000+’ Lebanese and Palestinian civilians died, and a Lebanese Police Report says 19,085. These numbers are a “vast exaggeration” (Morris, p.558 – this applies to AP ipso facto), – Thus I will use Robert Fisk’s number: 17,000 (Great War For Civilisation, p329, Harper Perennial 2006). As I don’t have statistics on how many were Palestinians, I will assume that 60% were – this would leave us with the figure of 10,200. I will then take the 1,000 number for the amount of PLO dead (this is supported by Morris and AP) and thus get 11,200.</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[63] This number is based on the PLO deaths given by Gilbert (p.512) and a Lebanese Police report which stated that 19,085 Lebanese and Palestinian civilians were killed. Thus you would have to assume all deaths were suffered by Palestinians (unlikely) – Morris, Righteous Victims, p.558, Vintage 1991.</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[64]http://216.239.59.104/search?q=cache:0hqdB3DrlYwJ:www.btselem.org/Download/200103_Tacit_Consent_Eng.doc</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[65] 1983: Nov: 60, 1984: Aug + Nov = 107, 1985: July: 24 + 4, Oct: 4, 1986: Jan: 5, March: 15, April: 2, July: 1, Sept: 3 + 7, Oct: 4, Nov. : 2 + 11, 1987: Feb: 13, May: 1 + 1, Sept: 41, 1988: Jan: 20, Nov: 4 - Based onhttp://www.palestine-encyclopedia.com/EPP/Chapter31.htm - only those which explicitly refer to Palestinian deaths or Palestinian camp strikes have been included.</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[66] Necessary Illusions, Noam Chomsky, p.118 (surprisingly)</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[67] Legum would have been sufficient to override Chomsky, but Sachar just seals the deal.</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[68] Middle East Contemporary Survey, Colin Legum et al, p.91 (and Sachar, p.962: “at least 60” but he says ‘PLO Officials’)</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[69] This number is calculated using the B’tselem numbers for 1987 – 2008 (see footnote below) and then the official Israeli figure for the Gaza hostilities, found here: http://tinyurl.com/mczh67 and then added together with the figures for 1967-1987 (taken from Israel’s Occupation, Neve Gordon, p.xvii, University of California Press, 2008) which is 650. (This number is added on for the two below as well)</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[70] While there are discrepancies within the PCHR, the amount killed doesn’t seem to be properly addressed in the official Israel number.</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[71] This number is based on B’tselem numbers and then PCHR numbers for the 2009 Gaza hostilities</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">1987 – 2000 : 1376 + 33 = 1409 http://www.btselem.org/English/Statistics/First_Intifada_Tables.asp</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">2000 – 2008: 3004 - http://www.btselem.org/English/Statistics/Casualties.asp</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">PCHR: 1417 - http://www.pchrgaza.org/files/PressR/English/2008/36-2009.html</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">1409 + 3004 = 4413 + 1417 = 5,830 + 650 from ’67-‘87</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[72] http://breakingnews.iol.ie/news/?c=ireland&jp=cwqlkfmheyid</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[73] Based on above + 1 other death: http://www9.sbs.com.au/theworldnews/region.php?id=130425&region=6 – however the web page cannot be accessed and so it can be denied (hence the Israeli number of two). However, I do not doubt the veracity of the claim.</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[74] Righteous Victims, Benny Morris, p.190, Vintage, 1999: he describes the Jews killed in the riots as “the first casualties of the first Arab-Israeli war”</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[75] A History of Israel, Sachar (p.449, Knopf, 2007)</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[76] Ibid, p.449 and also The Zionist Massacres, Palestine Liberation Army 2002, p.31</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[77] The Zionist Massacres, Palestine Liberation Army 2002, p.34</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[78] The Iron Wall, Avi Shlaim, p.124 , Penguin, 2001 and Britain, Israel and Anglo-Jewry, Natan Adrian, p.161 and The 1956 War, David Tal, p.4 – one source, PLA publication, says that “Palestinian and Egyptian blood is mixed in this massacre” but this is 1) PLA and 2) outweighed by aforementioned.</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[79] The Zionist Massacres, Palestine Liberation Army 2002, p.34</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[80] Israel and American National Interest, Rubenberg, p.57</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[81] Righteous Victims, Benny Morris, p.711, footnote 79, Vintage, 1999.</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[82] Ibid, p.711, footnote 79.</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[83] Righteous Victims, Morris, p.295 and Keeping the Peace, Daniel Byman, p.60</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[84] A History of Israel, Sachar (p.536, Knopf, 2007)</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[85] The Zionist Massacres, Palestine Liberation Army 2002, p.39</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[86] Keeping the Peace, Daniel Byman, p.60</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[87] Memory and violence in the Middle East and North Africa By Ussama Samir Makdisi, Paul A. Silverstein, p.103</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[88] Righteous Victims, Morris, p.295</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[89] Amnesty, Israel/Lebanon: Unlawful Killings During Operation Grapes of Wrath, 1996 – can be found here:http://tinyurl.com/pybvpp</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[90] Righteous Victims, Benny Morris, p.639, Vintage, 1999; A History of Israel, Sachar (p.1012, Knopf, 2007) – he says “102 people” but then goes on to say “154 civilians” (in the whole operation) – no sources I have found say anything about Palestinian civilians. While there would have been Palestinians in the area, given that many southern Lebanese fled and sought refuge, it seems reasonable that all the victims are Lebanese.</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[91] Israel: A History, Martin Gilbert, p.594 (Black Swan, 2007). Also see footnotes relating to Qana below.</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[92] Surprisingly, this comes from www.qana.info – which seems like an anti-Israeli website, this source also uses the 107 number for Qana</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[93] ICRC Annual Report of 1996, from 1997 and can be found here: http://tinyurl.com/mco8cs</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[94] A History of Israel, Sachar (p.1012, Knopf, 2007) – something that should put this and other numbers into perspective is the fact that a Lebanese source gives the same number in the B’tselem 2000 Report ‘Israel Violations of Human Rights of Lebanese Civilians’ (p.49)</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[95] http://www.ynet.co.il/english/articles/0,7340,L-3284744,00.html</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[96] The Iron Wall, Avi Shlaim, p.560 , Penguin, 2001 and Amnesty (http://www.amnesty.org/en/library/asset/MDE15/042/1996/en/dbadaf6a-eaf6-11dd-aad1-ed57e7e5470b/mde150421996en.pdfp.1) B’tselem (http://www.btselem.org/Download/200001_Lebanon_Eng.rtfp.51)</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[97] http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/pages/ShArt.jhtml?itemNo=742257</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[98] Israel: A History, Martin Gilbert, p.594 (Black Swan, 2007)</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[99] Righteous Victims, Benny Morris (p.639, Vintage, 1999).</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[100] UN Report; http://www.lcps-lebanon.org/pub/tlr/96/sum96/UN-Qana.html</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[101] Etel Adnan: Critical Essays, Lisa Majaj, p.112, footnote 1 (McFarland & Co Inc 2002) – what’s odd about this source is that one the same page, the number 108 is used, yet in the footnote she uses 107. They both seem to have some sort of backing: http://tinyurl.com/nmfxug (108) and http://www.qana.info(107)</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[102] http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/middle-east/elie-hobeika-ladykiller-and-bloodsoaked-war-criminal-668184.html - has basis because of al-Hout’s comparative lists which listed a minimum of 1,300</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[103] Beit Jala Massacre on January 11th (The one in the confirmed graph is on January 6), 7 died. I suspect a conflation of some sort. Jerusalem Massacre of June 7th: 300 killed – yet I can find no Palestinian casualties of the Six Day War. Rafah Refugee Massacre, June 1967: 23 killed. Al-Karama Massacre 20 July 1967 which killed 14 and Al-Karama Massacre on 9 February 1968 which, also, killed 14.</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[104] All figures come from: http://www.correlatesofwar.org/cow2%20data/WarData/IntraState/Intra-State%20Wars%20(V%203-0).htm and http://www.scaruffi.com/politics/massacre.html</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[105] This number is just for Kabul bombing by Hekmatyar and just civilians. Ibid, p.142.</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[106] http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/comment/leading_article/article6382706.ece</p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><br /></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText">[107] http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article6382331.ece</p><p></p></span></span></div></div></div></div><p></p></span></div>Folderolhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00674335938397735100noreply@blogger.com0tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6649679349532215723.post-16423280062288480752009-08-18T11:44:00.000-07:002009-08-18T11:55:23.596-07:00The Missed Peace II: UN Partition Plan<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">The majority proposal by UNSCOP is often citied as one of the “opportunities to miss an opportunity” by the Palestinians.</span></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Missed%20Peace%202.doc#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> But was it? The proposal put down that the Jews would get 55% of the land, the Arabs would get 42% and the around 3% was to be the Jerusalem-Bethlehem area under a corpus separatum to be governed under UN Trusteeship Council.</span></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Missed%20Peace%202.doc#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> The area that was allotted to each side were determined by the Jewish state having as few Arabs as possible and the Arab state having as few Jews as possible – i.e. demographics.</span></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Missed%20Peace%202.doc#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> However, it also took account of contiguity and, for the Jewish state, immigrant absorbent capacity.</span></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Missed%20Peace%202.doc#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Fairness</span></span></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; "><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">The plan looks reasonable but then comes the fact that the Jewish state had 45% Arab population.</span></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Missed%20Peace%202.doc#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> The population of Mandatory Palestine in its entirety was only 37% Jewish, meaning that the majority of the population was being denied what they wanted: a one state solution (or so it is presumed).</span></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Missed%20Peace%202.doc#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> The question of morality and democracy arises. But the answer is plain: there was no other alternative. The only other option was the unitary state. However, the Committee had determined the need for two separate states. A unitary state would have led to a complete halt to immigrant absorption and probably to the complete lack of rights afforded to the Jews.</span></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Missed%20Peace%202.doc#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">[7]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> The Arab minority in the proposed Jewish state would also become less of the population because of the expected immigration. There is also another problem in saying that the whole of the Mandatory should have been allotted what they wanted: where do you draw the line? In a stateless area, everyone’s voice should be heard according to specific areas. The same principle applies to what is/has happened in </span><st1:country-region st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Northern Ireland</span></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> – sure the whole of </span><st1:country-region st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Ireland</span></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> wants it to be unified but the majority of those in </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Northern Ireland</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> do not. It is more democratic to assign majority positions in certain areas than it is denying them. It is no surprise that the international community shunned the minority report (Resolution 181[I]).</span></span></span></span></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; "><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">There are still questions of fairness though: the Jews only owned 7% of the total land available (the Arabs owned 20%).</span></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Missed%20Peace%202.doc#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">[8]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> This point largely doesn’t take into account that the remaining land was state-owned land – meaning that 73% of Mandate Palestine’s land was to be inherited to the state that would accept it. It also fails to understand that the issue isn’t private land, but sovereignty – the Arabs in the Jewish state were not having lands taken away from them.</span></span></span></span></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; "><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">The final point is the </span><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Negev</span></st1:place><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">. Why would the Jews be given an area where there were practically no Jews in?</span></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Missed%20Peace%202.doc#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">[9]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> The simple answer is immigrant absorption, aside from the fact that the </span><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Negev</span></st1:place><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> was sparsely populated.</span></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Missed%20Peace%202.doc#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">[10]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> But is that moral? This question heavily relies on your ideology: Zionists would say yes; the Arabs had been allotted </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Jordan</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> and had vast areas of other Arab lands and Zionism was worth this price. However, this question becomes largely redundant when we consider the responses.</span></span></span></span></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-weight: bold; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Responses</span></span></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Georgia, serif; "><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">The Arabs said no.</span></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Missed%20Peace%202.doc#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">[11]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> They even walked out of the General Assembly when they had lost the vote.</span></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Missed%20Peace%202.doc#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">[12]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> It wasn’t a matter of the </span><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Negev</span></st1:place><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">, or even the percentages of land that was going to be given. They wanted all of </span><st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Palestine</span></st1:place></st1:city><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">.</span></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Missed%20Peace%202.doc#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">[13]</span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> As Tom Segev explains;</span></span></span></span></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "></span></span></p><blockquote><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">In any case, still hostage to the rejectionist position they had adopted in 1917, they opposed partition and continued to demand independence in all of </span><st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">Palestine</span></st1:city></st1:place><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">, promising to respect the rights of the Jewish minority.</span></span></span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Missed%20Peace%202.doc#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">[14]</span></span></span></span></span></a></blockquote><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Missed%20Peace%202.doc#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span><p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">The Arab response was wrong, not only because the partition was arguably fair but because they completely flouted the idea of partition – based on any lies. Indeed, this was expected: they had already turned down 80%.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Missed%20Peace%202.doc#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">[15]</span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> They had also missed a tactical opportunity to regroup.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Missed%20Peace%202.doc#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">[16]</span></span></span></span></a></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">The Jewish response is much more complex. They officially accepted the plan and rejoiced at it.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Missed%20Peace%202.doc#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">[17]</span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> However, the question remains how sincere it was. Tom Segev maintains that it was a “tactical step” and that everyone knew that the borders that were assigned could not stay the way they were.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Missed%20Peace%202.doc#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">[18]</span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> This was true, considering that the Arab response was expected – Ben-Gurion knew war would ensue.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Missed%20Peace%202.doc#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">[19]</span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> However, Ben-Gurion’s response was more “sincere” and even though he didn’t accept fully the border, he only wanted to make minor defensible changes.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Missed%20Peace%202.doc#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">[20]</span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> It should be noted that Ben-Gurion only wanted changes </span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">in war</span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">. Meaning that it is unknown whether Ben-Gurion would have taken any steps to expand if the Arabs had accepted.</span></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">The question of whether the UN Partition Plan was a missed peace depends on (1) it being a reasonable deal (at the time, without hindsight) and (2) it being accepted by one side. I have tried to argue that it was a reasonable deal. Ben-Gurion wanted more than what was allocated to him in the partition but he could only achieve these in war – a war which he did not initiate. The reason I say that this was a missed peace is because the lack of acceptance in the lines was only implemental as a result of war, i.e. Arab rejection. There is also the point that if the Arabs had accepted the plan, Ben-Gurion might have counted his blessings and left things as they were.</span><a href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Missed%20Peace%202.doc#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family: Verdana; color: black; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;">[21]</span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"> Thus, another missed peace – even if only temporary.</span></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Verdana, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: 'Gill Sans MT', serif; font-size: 12px; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 19px; "></span></span></span></p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Verdana, serif;"><div class="smallfont" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 2px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-size: 12px; "><a rel="nofollow" onclick="if (this.parentNode.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div')[1].getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display != '') { this.parentNode.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div')[1].getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display = ''; } else { this.parentNode.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div')[1].getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display = 'none'; }" style="text-decoration: none; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: small; ">Notes and Sources</span></a></div><div class="alt2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; background-image: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: inset; border-right-style: inset; border-bottom-style: inset; border-left-style: inset; border-color: initial; "><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: none; "><div class="quote" style="margin-top: 5px; margin-right: 20px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 20px; padding-top: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: url(http://static.thestudentroom.co.uk/newlayout/images/misc/quotes.gif); background-repeat: no-repeat; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); "><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); "><p class="MsoNormal"><a name="_ftn1"></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: x-small; "></span></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn1"></a></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn1"></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Verdana, serif;font-size:100%;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: 11px;"></span></span></p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Verdana, serif;font-size:100%;"><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn1"></a><a href="file:///C:\Users\Mustafa\Documents\Missed%20Peace%202.doc#_ftnref1" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none">[1]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn1"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black"> </span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black"><a href="http://www.factsofisrael.com/blog/archives/000491.html">http://www.factsofisrael.com/blog/archives/000491.html</a><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn2"></a><a href="file:///C:\Users\Mustafa\Documents\Missed%20Peace%202.doc#_ftnref2" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn2"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none">[2]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn2"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn2"></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family: Verdana;color:black">1948, Benny Morris, p.63 (Yale University Press, 2008)<u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn3"></a><a href="file:///C:\Users\Mustafa\Documents\Missed%20Peace%202.doc#_ftnref3" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn3"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none">[3]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn3"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn3"></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family: Verdana;color:black">Ibid., p.47<u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn4"></a><a href="file:///C:\Users\Mustafa\Documents\Missed%20Peace%202.doc#_ftnref4" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn4"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none">[4]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn4"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn4"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black"> </span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black">Ibid., p.47-8<u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn5"></a><a href="file:///C:\Users\Mustafa\Documents\Missed%20Peace%202.doc#_ftnref5" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn5"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none">[5]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn5"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn5"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black"> </span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black"><a href="http://www.mideastweb.org/unscop1947.htm">http://www.mideastweb.org/unscop1947.htm</a><u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn6"></a><a href="file:///C:\Users\Mustafa\Documents\Missed%20Peace%202.doc#_ftnref6" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn6"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none">[6]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn6"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn6"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black"> </span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black">Morris, p.65 – The Arab leadership all declared their idea for a complete unitary government.<u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn7"></a><a href="file:///C:\Users\Mustafa\Documents\Missed%20Peace%202.doc#_ftnref7" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn7"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none">[7]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn7"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn7"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black"> </span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black">One State,<span class="apple-converted-space"> <st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on"></st1:placename></st1:place></span><st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Two</st1:placename><span class="apple-converted-space"> <st1:placetype st="on"></st1:placetype></span><st1:placetype st="on">State</st1:placetype></st1:place>, Benny Morris, p.87-109<u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn8"></a><a href="file:///C:\Users\Mustafa\Documents\Missed%20Peace%202.doc#_ftnref8" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn8"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none">[8]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn8"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn8"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black"> </span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black">‘Details and Lies’ by Benny Morris: “Jews owned about 6 to 7 percent of<span class="apple-converted-space"> <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"></st1:place></st1:city></span><st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Palestine</st1:city></st1:place>'s land surface, and the Arabs owned around 20 percent, and the rest was public or state-owned.<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>And, given that no Palestinian Arab state was established,<span class="apple-converted-space"> <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"></st1:place></st1:country-region></span><st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on">Israel</st1:country-region></st1:place><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>was Mandate Palestine's successor state and heir to the state lands.”<o:p></o:p></span></p> <u1:p></u1:p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn9"></a><a href="file:///C:\Users\Mustafa\Documents\Missed%20Peace%202.doc#_ftnref9" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn9"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none">[9]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn9"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn9"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black"> </span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black">History of<span class="apple-converted-space"> <st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"></st1:place></st1:city></span><st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on">Palestine</st1:city></st1:place>, Gudrun Kramer, p.307 (Princeton University Press, 2008)<u1:p></u1:p><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn10"></a><a href="file:///C:\Users\Mustafa\Documents\Missed%20Peace%202.doc#_ftnref10" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn10"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none">[10]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn10"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn10"></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family: Verdana;color:black">Ibid., p.307<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn11"></a><a href="file:///C:\Users\Mustafa\Documents\Missed%20Peace%202.doc#_ftnref11" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn11"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none">[11]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn11"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn11"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black"> </span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black">There isn’t any doubt about this whatsoever: Power, Faith and Fantasty, Michael Oren, p.491 (Norton, 2007), One Palestine, Complete, Tom Segev, p.496 (Abbacus, 2002), The Iron Wall, Avi Shlaim, p.27 (Penguin, 2000).<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn12"></a><a href="file:///C:\Users\Mustafa\Documents\Missed%20Peace%202.doc#_ftnref12" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn12"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none">[12]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn12"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn12"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black"> </span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black">Righteous Victims, Benny Morris, p.186 (Vintage, 2001)<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn13"></a><a href="file:///C:\Users\Mustafa\Documents\Missed%20Peace%202.doc#_ftnref13" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn13"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none">[13]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn13"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn13"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black"> </span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black">Kramer, p.307<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn14"></a><a href="file:///C:\Users\Mustafa\Documents\Missed%20Peace%202.doc#_ftnref14" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn14"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none">[14]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn14"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn14"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black"> </span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black">Segev, p.496 can also be found here:<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.passia.org/seminars/2000/israel/part3.html">http://www.passia.org/seminars/2000/israel/part3.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn15"></a><a href="file:///C:\Users\Mustafa\Documents\Missed%20Peace%202.doc#_ftnref15" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn15"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none">[15]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn15"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn15"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black"> </span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black">Peel Commission (One State, Two State p.87-109) – I understand that one objection was to do with transfer but, as Segev stated, even without that deal would have be turned away because the Arabs rejected partition.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn16"></a><a href="file:///C:\Users\Mustafa\Documents\Missed%20Peace%202.doc#_ftnref16" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn16"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none">[16]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn16"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn16"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black"> </span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black">Segev, p.496<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn17"></a><a href="file:///C:\Users\Mustafa\Documents\Missed%20Peace%202.doc#_ftnref17" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn17"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none">[17]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn17"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn17"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black"> </span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black">Shlaim, p.25<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn18"></a><a href="file:///C:\Users\Mustafa\Documents\Missed%20Peace%202.doc#_ftnref18" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn18"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none">[18]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn18"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn18"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black"> </span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black">Segev, p.496<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn19"></a><a href="file:///C:\Users\Mustafa\Documents\Missed%20Peace%202.doc#_ftnref19" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn19"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none">[19]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn19"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn19"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black"> </span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black">Righteous Victims, Morris, p.186<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn20"></a><a href="file:///C:\Users\Mustafa\Documents\Missed%20Peace%202.doc#_ftnref20" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn20"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none">[20]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn20"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn20"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black"> </span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black">One State,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:placename st="on">Two</st1:placename><span class="apple-converted-space"></span></st1:place></st1:placename> </st1:place></span><st1:placetype st="on"><st1:placetype st="on">State</st1:placetype></st1:placetype>, Benny Morris, p.78 and Shlaim, p.29<o:p></o:p></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn21"></a><a href="file:///C:\Users\Mustafa\Documents\Missed%20Peace%202.doc#_ftnref21" title=""><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn21"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;text-decoration:none;text-underline: none">[21]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn21"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark:_ftn21"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black"> </span></span><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Verdana;color:black">Only speculation but given that what Ben-Gurion would have done in the absence of Arab rejectionism being unknown, it is the only thing I can do. </span></p></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Verdana, serif;font-size:100%;"></span><p></p></span></div></div></div></div></span><p></p><div style="mso-element:footnote-list"><div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn21"> </div></div>Folderolhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00674335938397735100noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6649679349532215723.post-90021640800748245502009-08-12T11:09:00.000-07:002010-01-26T00:51:32.903-08:00The Ayatollah's Propaganda<div style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Verdana, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">PressTV is a propaganda wing of the Iranian government</span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:+0;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-: font-family:'Times New Roman';" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">, why anyone takes it seriously continues to baffle me. This post isn’t an attempt to persuade people that PressTV isn’t trustworthy – if you’re in any doubts, then I doubt you’ll know bias when it hits you in the face. What this post does aim to do is compile a small collection of articles which I find amusing – because the bias in them is so apparent.</span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:+0;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-: font-family:'Times New Roman';" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><?xml:namespace prefix = o /><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"></span></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Headlines are very important, the reader gets the gist of what the article is about and it may even sway some people on the topic. Whether or not PressTV knows this, its blatant bias can be seen in some of its headlines;</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"></span></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">1. “</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Arial;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Killing of Gazans was 'obligation', says Tel Aviv</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">”</span></span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Arial;" ><span style="font-size:+0;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-bidi-: EN-GBfont-family:Arial;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Arial;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Arial;" ><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"></span></o:p></span></span></p><p class="Default" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Really?! Lets assume </span><?xml:namespace prefix = st1 /><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Israel</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> did think it was it’s obligation to kill Gazans, do you think they are stupid enough to tell the world? The report actually says “</span><st1:country-region st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Israel</span></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> had both a right and an obligation to take military action against Hamas in </span><st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Gaza</span></st1:place></st1:city><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> to stop Hamas‘ almost incessant rocket and mortar attacks upon thousands of Israeli civilians and its other acts of terrorism.”</span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:+0;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-: font-family:'Times New Roman';" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="Default" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"></span></o:p></span></p><p class="Default" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">2. “</span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Israel</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> rules out evacuation of settlers”</span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:+0;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-: font-family:'Times New Roman';" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="Default" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"></span></o:p></span></p><p class="Default" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">This is entirely misleading. If you read the whole article, it sounds like that Netanyahu is saying that </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Israel</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> will never evacuate any settlements. Reuters, however, managed to portray exactly what Netanyahu meant: “</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="mso-bidi-: Arial;font-family:Verdana;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Netanyahu, who has said he wouldn't build additional settlements but wants to continue construction in existing enclaves to accomodate what he calls natural growth, said Sunday he would not remove any settlements </span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">before a peace deal</span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">.</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">”</span></span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Arial;" ><span style="font-size:+0;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-bidi-mso-ansi-language: EN-GBfont-family:Arial;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Arial;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> Whats even worse, settlers were evacuated within a week of the article.</span></span></span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-bidi-: Arial;font-family:Verdana;" ><span style="font-size:+0;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-bidi-: EN-GBfont-family:Arial;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[7]</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Arial;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p><p class="Default" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="mso-bidi-: Arial;font-family:Verdana;" ><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"></span></o:p></span></span></p><p class="Default" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="mso-bidi-: Arial;font-family:Verdana;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">3. “</span></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">US rejects Afghan demand to stop killings</span></span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">”</span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:+0;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-: font-family:'Times New Roman';" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[8]</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Arial;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p><p class="Default" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="mso-bidi-: Arial;font-family:Verdana;" ><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"></span></o:p></span></span></p><p class="Default" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="mso-bidi-: Arial;font-family:Verdana;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">As with the first, PressTV jumps the causal chain. The </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">US</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> is not rejecting the demand to stop killing, it’s rejecting the call to stop airstrikes and portraying it in this way shows the clear bias. But, it gets worse, on the same day that this article went out, the BBC reported that a review of airstrikes was initiated by the </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">US</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">.</span></span></span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Arial;" ><span style="font-size:+0;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-bidi-mso-ansi-language: EN-GBfont-family:Arial;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[9]</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Arial;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p><p class="Default" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="mso-bidi-: Arial;font-family:Verdana;" ><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"></span></o:p></span></span></p><p class="Default" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="mso-bidi-: Arial;font-family:Verdana;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">But it isn’t just headlines. PressTV gives a platform to Holocaust “revisionists,” the article in question states that the “</span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">alleged</span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> massacre of Jewish people by gassing during World War II was </span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">scientifically impossible</span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">.</span></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="mso-bidi-: Arial;font-family:Verdana;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">”</span></span></span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-bidi-: Arial;font-family:Verdana;" ><span style="font-size:+0;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-bidi-: EN-GBfont-family:Arial;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[10]</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Arial;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> It also gives a platform to other conspiracies. One article asserts the “</span></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">US may have been behind the killing of Neda Agha-Soltan,”</span></span></span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:+0;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-: font-family:'Times New Roman';" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[11]</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Arial;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> the Iranian protestor who was shot and seen as a symbol for the recent Iranian protests. It also gives a platform to 9/11 revisionism, and while I have no objection to this, PressTV refuses in its articles to give the other side. “</span></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Arial;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Mossad linked to 9/11 attacks</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">,” reads the headline.</span></span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-bidi-: Arial;font-family:Verdana;" ><span style="font-size:+0;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-bidi-: EN-GBfont-family:Arial;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[12]</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Arial;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> Nowhere do they try to find the other side or even quote the other side. That is not objectivity. </span></span></span></p><p class="Default" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Arial;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">This is also apparent in another article: “CIA report: </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Israel</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> will fall in 20 years</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">”</span></span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Arial;" ><span style="font-size:+0;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-bidi-mso-ansi-language: EN-GBfont-family:Arial;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[13]</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Arial;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> – This is complete crap. No other news sources have written about this revolutionary report (maybe because of the evil Zionist media). What makes this even more worrying is that PressTV seem be base entirely on an interview given by Franklin Lamb. Who is Mr. Lamb? Not much is known. However, he writes for anti-Israel publication ‘Counterpunch’</span></span></span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Arial;" ><span style="font-size:+0;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-bidi-mso-ansi-language: EN-GBfont-family:Arial;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[14]</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Arial;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> and he may be associated with ‘If Americans Knew’</span></span></span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="mso-bidi-: Arial;font-family:Verdana;" ><span style="font-size:+0;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-bidi-: EN-GBfont-family:Arial;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[15]</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Arial;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> – which is another anti-Israel organisation (taking the realist position as defined by Dennis Ross).</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p><p class="Default" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="mso-bidi-: Arial;font-family:Verdana;" ><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"></span></o:p></span></span></p><p class="Default" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="mso-bidi-: Arial;font-family:Verdana;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Pictures and their captions also tell people a lot about PressTV. Neda’s death, aside from being used as a tool against the CIA, was completely ignored for over 12 days</span></span></span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Arial;" ><span style="font-size:+0;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-bidi-mso-ansi-language: EN-GBfont-family:Arial;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[16]</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Arial;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> and even then when PressTV decided to write about, the following picture was accompanied;</span></span></span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17"><span style="font-size:+0;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-: font-family:'Times New Roman';" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[17]</span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Arial;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p><p class="Default" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="mso-bidi-: Arial;font-family:Verdana;" ><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"></span></o:p></span></span></p><p class="Default" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Verdana, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Georgia, serif;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9XX3sen99TTnNkMW_hLP055YhzP5BjvF7O-57ebKGKitoeP4zlr0Fx6JOlBkjimN2FVZA2IrXsdarl8mkhpNyqo1LxreZAJFT2uCwg4HjEBR3efY_kUDacJ3j5rQ9reLYf5wJZwICG1o/s1600-h/press3.jpg"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5369141844037503202" style="WIDTH: 320px; CURSOR: pointer; HEIGHT: 216px" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEh9XX3sen99TTnNkMW_hLP055YhzP5BjvF7O-57ebKGKitoeP4zlr0Fx6JOlBkjimN2FVZA2IrXsdarl8mkhpNyqo1LxreZAJFT2uCwg4HjEBR3efY_kUDacJ3j5rQ9reLYf5wJZwICG1o/s400/press3.jpg" border="0" /></span></span></a></span></span></p><p class="Default" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"></span></o:p></span></p><p class="Default" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Many news agencies and channels choose to censor images that they deem to be too graphic – there’s nothing wrong with this idea in complete moderation, objectivity and independent monitoring but what I’m struggling with is does PressTV not like blood? Does it not like brutal images? What about upsetting images? No;</span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:+0;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-: font-family:'Times New Roman';" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[18]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="Default" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"></span></o:p></span></p><p class="Default" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align="center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Verdana, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Georgia, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWvmvD0-JOaWFrC1kju8Q1YDoXGJG0TuNsdFJs43J2PqXaTvExdNTmFyWT4br29XUY90AvtLxA68D7gi7qDpDA49-8q89LkS3DVQhu7gpWsvykx7TEwtyqSOHhCe2EBRJbae0oz-z-f4Q/s1600-h/press2.jpg"><span class="Apple-style-span"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5369141834791300594" style="WIDTH: 400px; CURSOR: pointer; HEIGHT: 163px" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjWvmvD0-JOaWFrC1kju8Q1YDoXGJG0TuNsdFJs43J2PqXaTvExdNTmFyWT4br29XUY90AvtLxA68D7gi7qDpDA49-8q89LkS3DVQhu7gpWsvykx7TEwtyqSOHhCe2EBRJbae0oz-z-f4Q/s400/press2.jpg" border="0" /></span></span></span></a></span></span></span></span></p><p class="Default" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"></span></o:p></span></p><p class="Default" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Could it be that PressTV is censoring pictures based on their political weight? It seems, this Iranian news agency suffers from factual inaccuracies as well. Some examples are above, others include the fact that it “</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="mso-bidi-: Helvetica;font-family:Verdana;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">claims that the Lebanese government is trying to convert the Nahr al-Bared Palestinian refugee camp into an American military base, but provides no evidence to back up this allegation.</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">”</span></span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span style="font-size:+0;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-: font-family:'Times New Roman';" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[19]</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> Another inaccuracy in an article (which has so many that I may have to make a separate post about it) is typical of PressTV’s outlook;</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="Default" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"></span></o:p></span></p><p class="Default" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Arial;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"></span></span></span></p><blockquote><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Arial;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Although they had agreed to put the rest of </span><st1:city st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Palestine</span></st1:city><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> under an undefined international administration, </span><st1:country-region st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Britain</span></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> decided to conquer the area and in late 1917 their soldiers laid foot on the lands of our beloved al-Quds -- </span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">which they now call </span><st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Jerusalem</span></st1:place></st1:city><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">.</span></i></span></span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><i><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Arial;" ><span style="font-size:+0;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-bidi-mso-ansi-language: EN-GBfont-family:Arial;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[20]</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></i></span></a></blockquote><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><i><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Arial;" ><span style="font-size:+0;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-bidi-mso-ansi-language: EN-GBfont-family:Arial;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></i></span></a><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span><p></p><p class="Default" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"></span></o:p></span></p><p class="Default" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Yes, the “now” call it </span><st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Jerusalem</span></st1:place></st1:city><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">. It’s not like it dates back before 1917. Its not like </span><st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Jerusalem</span></st1:place></st1:city><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> outdates “al-Quds”. Well, according to PressTV. I’ve tried to make this post thematic: headlines, conspiracies, pictures and inaccuracies. The final part is the people. The people who make and work for PressTV. </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="Default" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"></span></o:p></span></p><p class="Default" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">George Galloway – I don’t really need to say much, rather just quote Ofcom;</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="Default" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"></span></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Helvetica;" ></span></span></p><blockquote><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Helvetica;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">The overwhelming majority of the content of the programmes were from a pro-Palestinian point of view and were highly critical of Israeli policy. The presenter spoke from an entirely pro-Palestinian point of view. There was not one telephone call from a pro-Israeli position in any of the programmes and only the most limited and short text or email messages from viewers from a pro-Israeli position.</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Helvetica;" ><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"></span></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Helvetica;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">In the programme, George Galloway variously labelled </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">Israel</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"> as committing:</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><i><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Helvetica-Oblique;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">“murder”</span></span></i><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Helvetica;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">; </span></span><i><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Helvetica-Oblique;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">“apartheid-style occupation”</span></span></i><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Helvetica;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">; </span></span><i><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Helvetica-Oblique;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">“murder </span></span></i><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Helvetica;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">[of] </span></span><i><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Helvetica-Oblique;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">UN </span></span></i><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Helvetica;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">employees</span></span><i><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Helvetica-Oblique;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">”</span></span></i><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Helvetica;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">; and a </span></span><i><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Helvetica-Oblique;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">“war</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="FONT-STYLE: normal;font-family:Georgia, serif;" ><i><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Helvetica-Oblique;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">crime”</span></span></i><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Helvetica;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">... </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="FONT-STYLE: italic"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">“Collective punish[ment against] people is a Nazi tactic.” </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="FONT-STYLE: normal;font-family:Georgia, serif;" ><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Helvetica;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">The Palestinians were under the </span></span><i><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Helvetica-Oblique;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;">“iron heel of a brutal apartheid-style occupation.”</span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:+0;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-bidi-mso-ansi-language: EN-GBfont-family:Helvetica-Oblique;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[21]</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></a></span></i></span></span></span></span></span></i></p></blockquote><p class="Default" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><i><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Helvetica-Oblique;" ><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:+0;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-bidi-mso-ansi-language: EN-GBfont-family:Helvetica-Oblique;" ></span></span></b></span></span></span></a></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="Default" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"></span></o:p></span></p><p class="Default" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Is it any wonder that Nick Ferrari left because of the bias (admittedly, just the post-election coverage according to him)?</span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftn22" name="_ftnref22"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:+0;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-: font-family:'Times New Roman';" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[22]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> Is it any wonder that Larry Gillick claims that PressTV “burned him” and misconstrued what he said?</span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftn23" name="_ftnref23"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:+0;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-: font-family:'Times New Roman';" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[23]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> Ali Ansari, an authority on Iranian history and politics, appeared on a “debate” about the Iranian elections and in it, the camera frequently cuts off.</span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftn24" name="_ftnref24"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:+0;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-: font-family:'Times New Roman';" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[24]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> Indeed, Ali Ansari himself said “</span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">They will have very likely edited it”</span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftn25" name="_ftnref25"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:+0;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-: font-family:'Times New Roman';" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[25]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p class="Default" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"></span></o:p></span></p><p class="Default" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">The articles which refer to Israelis and “The New Nazis,”</span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftn26" name="_ftnref26"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:+0;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-: font-family:'Times New Roman';" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[26]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> and that affix “oil-rich” to </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Iraq</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> in its discussions about the US/UK invasion/occupation will probably never stop.</span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftn27" name="_ftnref27"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-size:+0;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-: font-family:'Times New Roman';" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[27]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> The asking of its readers “When will </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Israel</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> collapse?” probably wont either. (The results were “</span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Arial;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Over 50 percent of the 2255 respondents to a Press TV online poll are of the belief that after 60 years of the establishment of </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Israel</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">, the regime's power is nearing collapse</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">”)</span></span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftn28" name="_ftnref28"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Arial;" ><span style="font-size:+0;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-bidi-: EN-GBfont-family:Arial;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[28]</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Arial;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> It will continue to take weeks worth of articles down when it suits its purpose.</span></span></span><a title="" href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftn29" name="_ftnref29"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Arial;" ><span style="font-size:+0;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-fareast-language: EN-GB; mso-bidi-language: AR-SA mso-bidi-: EN-GBfont-family:Arial;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[29]</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Arial;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p><p class="Default" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Arial;" ><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"></span></o:p></span></span></p><p class="Default" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Arial;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">But what we can be sure of is this;</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></span></p><p class="Default" style="TEXT-ALIGN: center"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Verdana, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Georgia, serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><a onblur="try {parent.deselectBloggerImageGracefully();} catch(e) {}" href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuo5-7lxDeS8nchbihQ-Y-rZdb4suqdYTEmgMPSodXWS7o48HnSNk_blFjFlTOelVuZKrRLCPm3uljaF5GKav5Nw0mDnsMd6IsS6IlpDM5m_L2p5xhLL6iA_HctUAjaAkFArDjlE5OCHM/s1600-h/press.jpg"><img id="BLOGGER_PHOTO_ID_5369141832585655506" style="WIDTH: 265px; CURSOR: pointer; HEIGHT: 85px" alt="" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEiuo5-7lxDeS8nchbihQ-Y-rZdb4suqdYTEmgMPSodXWS7o48HnSNk_blFjFlTOelVuZKrRLCPm3uljaF5GKav5Nw0mDnsMd6IsS6IlpDM5m_L2p5xhLL6iA_HctUAjaAkFArDjlE5OCHM/s400/press.jpg" border="0" /></a></span></span></span></span></p><p class="Default" style="TEXT-ALIGN: left"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,51); LINE-HEIGHT: 19pxfont-family:verdana, serif;font-size:12;" ></span></p><div class="smallfont" style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 2px; PADDING-TOP: 0pxfont-size:12px;" ><span class="Apple-style-span" style="COLOR: rgb(51,51,51); LINE-HEIGHT: 19pxfont-family:'Gill Sans MT', serif;font-size:12;" ><div class="smallfont" style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px 0px 2px; PADDING-TOP: 0pxfont-size:12px;" ><a style="TEXT-DECORATION: none" onclick="if (this.parentNode.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div')[1].getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display != '') { this.parentNode.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div')[1].getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display = ''; } else { this.parentNode.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div')[1].getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display = 'none'; }" rel="nofollow"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Notes and Sources</span></a></div><div class="alt2" style="BORDER-RIGHT: 1px inset; PADDING-RIGHT: 6px; BORDER-TOP: 1px inset; PADDING-LEFT: 6px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 6px; MARGIN: 0px; BORDER-LEFT: 1px inset; PADDING-TOP: 6px; BORDER-BOTTOM: 1px inset; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255); webkit-background-clip: initial; webkit-background-origin: initial"><div style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; DISPLAY: none; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px"><div class="quote" style="BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(204,204,204) 1px solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5px; BORDER-TOP: rgb(204,204,204) 1px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://static.thestudentroom.co.uk/newlayout/images/misc/quotes.gif); PADDING-BOTTOM: 5px; MARGIN: 5px 20px; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(204,204,204) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 5px; BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(204,204,204) 1px solid; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255)"><div style="PADDING-RIGHT: 0px; PADDING-LEFT: 0px; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0px; MARGIN: 0px; PADDING-TOP: 0px"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="COLOR: rgb(0,0,0)"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="COLOR: rgb(68,68,68)"><p class="MsoNormal"><a name="_ftn1"></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"></span></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn1"></a></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn1"></a><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Ayatollah%20Propaganda.doc#_ftnref1"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn1"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: nonefont-family:Verdana;font-size:8;" >[1]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn1"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn1"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;">It’s used to spread information for making the<span class="apple-converted-space"> <st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"></st1:place></st1:country-region></span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">Iran</st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>look good and US and her allies look bad. That is propaganda. But what can you expect from a country without free media funding a news agency? (Source for funding:<a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6260716.stm">http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/middle_east/6260716.stm</a>)<?xml:namespace prefix = u2 /><u2:p></u2:p></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;font-size:10;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify; mso-margin-top-alt: auto; mso-margin-bottom-alt: auto"><a name="_ftn2"></a><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Ayatollah%20Propaganda.doc#_ftnref2"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn2"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: nonefont-family:Verdana;font-size:8;" >[2]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn2"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn2"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;">It is by no means comprehensive, I visit the website once every 2 days and spend no longer than 10minutes on it. Because my main interest is in the Arab-Israeli Conflict, a lot of the articles which I quote will be from there.<u2:p></u2:p></span><span style="font-family:'Times New Roman';color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn3"></a><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Ayatollah%20Propaganda.doc#_ftnref3"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn3"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: nonefont-family:Verdana;font-size:8;" >[3]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn3"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn3"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;"><a href="http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=102081&sectionid=351020202">http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=102081&sectionid=351020202</a><u2:p></u2:p></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;font-size:10;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn4"></a><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Ayatollah%20Propaganda.doc#_ftnref4"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn4"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: nonefont-family:Verdana;font-size:8;" >[4]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn4"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn4"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;"><a href="http://www.mfa.gov.il/NR/rdonlyres/E89E699D-A435-491B-B2D0-017675DAFEF7/0/GazaOperationwLinks.pdf">http://www.mfa.gov.il/NR/rdonlyres/E89E699D-A435-491B-B2D0-017675DAFEF7/0/GazaOperationwLinks.pdf</a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>- p.1<u2:p></u2:p></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;font-size:10;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn5"></a><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Ayatollah%20Propaganda.doc#_ftnref5"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn5"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: nonefont-family:Verdana;font-size:8;" >[5]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn5"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn5"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;"><a href="http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=102965&sectionid=351020202">http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=102965&sectionid=351020202</a><u2:p></u2:p></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;font-size:10;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn6"></a><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Ayatollah%20Propaganda.doc#_ftnref6"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn6"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: nonefont-family:Verdana;font-size:8;" >[6]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn6"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn6"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;"><a href="http://uk.news.yahoo.com/22/20090809/tpl-uk-israel-settlements-us-43a8d4f.html">http://uk.news.yahoo.com/22/20090809/tpl-uk-israel-settlements-us-43a8d4f.html</a>, my emphasis and [sic]<u2:p></u2:p></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;font-size:10;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn7"></a><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Ayatollah%20Propaganda.doc#_ftnref7"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn7"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: nonefont-family:Verdana;font-size:8;" >[7]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn7"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn7"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;"><a href="http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1106498.html">http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/spages/1106498.html</a><u2:p></u2:p></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;font-size:10;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn8"></a><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Ayatollah%20Propaganda.doc#_ftnref8"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn8"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: nonefont-family:Verdana;font-size:8;" >[8]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn8"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn8"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;"><a href="http://www.presstv.ir/classic/detail.aspx?id=94316&sectionid=351020403">http://www.presstv.ir/classic/detail.aspx?id=94316&sectionid=351020403</a><u2:p></u2:p></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;font-size:10;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn9"></a><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Ayatollah%20Propaganda.doc#_ftnref9"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn9"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: nonefont-family:Verdana;font-size:8;" >[9]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn9"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn9"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;"><a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/8042642.stm">http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/8042642.stm</a><u2:p></u2:p></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;font-size:10;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn10"></a><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Ayatollah%20Propaganda.doc#_ftnref10"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn10"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: nonefont-family:Verdana;font-size:8;" >[10]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn10"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn10"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;"><a href="http://www.presstv.ir/Detail.aspx?id=56287&sectionid=3510303">http://www.presstv.ir/Detail.aspx?id=56287&sectionid=3510303</a><u2:p></u2:p></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;font-size:10;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn11"></a><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Ayatollah%20Propaganda.doc#_ftnref11"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn11"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: nonefont-family:Verdana;font-size:8;" >[11]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn11"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn11"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;"><a href="http://www.presstv.com/classic/detail.aspx?id=99133&sectionid=3510203">http://www.presstv.com/classic/detail.aspx?id=99133&sectionid=3510203</a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>– it asserts independently of the Ambassador in its opening line. There are also other examples where PressTV’s bias can be seen in relation to Neda:<a href="http://www.presstv.com/detail.aspx?id=101954">http://www.presstv.com/detail.aspx?id=101954</a>,<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://www.presstv.com/detail.aspx?id=99323">http://www.presstv.com/detail.aspx?id=99323</a>,<a href="http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=99330&sectionid=351020101">http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=99330&sectionid=351020101</a><u2:p></u2:p></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;font-size:10;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn12"></a><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Ayatollah%20Propaganda.doc#_ftnref12"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn12"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: nonefont-family:Verdana;font-size:8;" >[12]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn12"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn12"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;"><a href="http://www.presstv.com/detail.aspx?id=87982&sectionid=3510203">http://www.presstv.com/detail.aspx?id=87982&sectionid=3510203</a><u2:p></u2:p></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;font-size:10;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn13"></a><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Ayatollah%20Propaganda.doc#_ftnref13"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn13"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: nonefont-family:Verdana;font-size:8;" >[13]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn13"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn13"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;"><a href="http://www.presstv.com/Detail.aspx?id=88491&sectionid=351020202">http://www.presstv.com/Detail.aspx?id=88491&sectionid=351020202</a><u2:p></u2:p></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;font-size:10;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn14"></a><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Ayatollah%20Propaganda.doc#_ftnref14"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn14"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: nonefont-family:Verdana;font-size:8;" >[14]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn14"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn14"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;"><a href="http://www.counterpunch.org/lamb05242007.html">http://www.counterpunch.org/lamb05242007.html</a><u2:p></u2:p></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;font-size:10;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn15"></a><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Ayatollah%20Propaganda.doc#_ftnref15"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn15"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: nonefont-family:Verdana;font-size:8;" >[15]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn15"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn15"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;"><a href="http://sietske-in-beiroet.blogspot.com/2007/05/who-is-franklin-lamb.html">http://sietske-in-beiroet.blogspot.com/2007/05/who-is-franklin-lamb.html</a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>- cannot be independently verified. Make your own mind up as to whether you believe it. (“May”)<u2:p></u2:p></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;font-size:10;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn16"></a><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Ayatollah%20Propaganda.doc#_ftnref16"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn16"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: nonefont-family:Verdana;font-size:8;" >[16]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn16"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn16"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;"><a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/newsnight/8130082.stm">http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/newsnight/8130082.stm</a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>- Paxman at 2:20<u2:p></u2:p></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;font-size:10;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn17"></a><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Ayatollah%20Propaganda.doc#_ftnref17"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn17"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: nonefont-family:Verdana;font-size:8;" >[17]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn17"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn17"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;"><a href="http://www.presstv.com/detail.aspx?id=101954">http://www.presstv.com/detail.aspx?id=101954</a><u2:p></u2:p></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;font-size:10;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn18"></a><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Ayatollah%20Propaganda.doc#_ftnref18"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn18"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: nonefont-family:Verdana;font-size:8;" >[18]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn18"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn18"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;">In order:<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://i31.tinypic.com/bdny90.png">http://i31.tinypic.com/bdny90.png</a>, <a href="http://www.presstv.com/photo/20081022/pirhayati20081022180933515.jpg">http://www.presstv.com/photo/20081022/pirhayati20081022180933515.jpg</a>,<a href="http://www.presstv.com/photo/20090728/dastmalchi20090728223749187.jpg">http://www.presstv.com/photo/20090728/dastmalchi20090728223749187.jpg</a>,<a href="http://www.presstv.com/photo/20081022/pirhayati20081022180933515.jpg">http://www.presstv.com/photo/20081022/pirhayati20081022180933515.jpg</a><u2:p></u2:p></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;font-size:10;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn19"></a><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Ayatollah%20Propaganda.doc#_ftnref19"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn19"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: nonefont-family:Verdana;font-size:8;" >[19]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn19"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn19"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;"><a href="http://www.macleans.ca/world/global/article.jsp?content=20070730_107340_107340">http://www.macleans.ca/world/global/article.jsp?content=20070730_107340_107340</a><u2:p></u2:p></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;font-size:10;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn20"></a><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Ayatollah%20Propaganda.doc#_ftnref20"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn20"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: nonefont-family:Verdana;font-size:8;" >[20]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn20"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn20"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;"><a href="http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=97447&sectionid=3510303">http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=97447&sectionid=3510303</a><u2:p></u2:p></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;font-size:10;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn21"></a><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Ayatollah%20Propaganda.doc#_ftnref21"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn21"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: nonefont-family:Verdana;font-size:8;" >[21]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn21"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn21"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;"><a href="http://www.ofcom.org.uk/tv/obb/prog_cb/obb139/Issue139.pdf">http://www.ofcom.org.uk/tv/obb/prog_cb/obb139/Issue139.pdf</a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>p.9-10<u2:p></u2:p></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;font-size:10;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn22"></a><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Ayatollah%20Propaganda.doc#_ftnref22"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn22"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none">[22]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn22"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn22"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Georgia;font-size:10;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;font-size:10;color:black;"><a href="http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article6613209.ece">http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/middle_east/article6613209.ece</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><h2 style="MARGIN-TOP: 0cm; mso-line-height-alt: 9.75pt"><a name="_ftn23"></a><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Ayatollah%20Propaganda.doc#_ftnref23"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn23"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: nonefont-family:Verdana;font-size:8;" >[23]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn23"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn23"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;"><a href="http://www.digital-ed.com/"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal">http://www.digital-ed.com/</span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>‘<a title="external link" href="http://www.presstv.ir/"><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal; TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: nonecolor:black;" >Press TV burns a source - Me!</span></a>’<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span></span><span style="FONT-WEIGHT: normal;font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;" >dated Wednesday, July 08, 2009<u2:p></u2:p></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;font-size:18;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></h2><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn24"></a><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Ayatollah%20Propaganda.doc#_ftnref24"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn24"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none">[24]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn24"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn24"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Georgia;font-size:10;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;font-size:10;color:black;"><a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0_RUzfl5Y-c">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0_RUzfl5Y-c</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn25"></a><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Ayatollah%20Propaganda.doc#_ftnref25"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn25"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none">[25]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn25"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn25"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Georgia;font-size:10;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;font-size:10;color:black;">Personal correspondence dated 28/06/2009<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn26"></a><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Ayatollah%20Propaganda.doc#_ftnref26"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn26"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none">[26]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn26"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn26"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Georgia;font-size:10;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;font-size:10;color:black;"><a href="http://www.presstv.com/Detail.aspx?id=82545&sectionid=3510303">http://www.presstv.com/Detail.aspx?id=82545&sectionid=3510303</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn27"></a><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Ayatollah%20Propaganda.doc#_ftnref27"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn27"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none">[27]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn27"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn27"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Georgia;font-size:10;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;font-size:10;color:black;"><a href="http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=102098&sectionid=351020201">http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=102098&sectionid=351020201</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn28"></a><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Ayatollah%20Propaganda.doc#_ftnref28"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn28"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none">[28]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn28"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn28"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Georgia;font-size:10;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;font-size:10;color:black;"><a href="http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=57307&sectionid=351020202">http://www.presstv.ir/detail.aspx?id=57307&sectionid=351020202</a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn29"></a><a title="" href="file:///C:/Users/Mustafa/Documents/Ayatollah%20Propaganda.doc#_ftnref29"><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn29"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="TEXT-DECORATION: none; text-underline: none">[29]</span></span></span><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn29"></span></a><span style="mso-bookmark: _ftn29"></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Georgia;font-size:10;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Verdana;font-size:8;color:black;"><a href="http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/newsnight/8130082.stm">http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/programmes/newsnight/8130082.stm</a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>- Paxman at 2:15</span><span style="font-family:Georgia;font-size:10;color:black;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:9;"><o:p></o:p></span></p><p></p></span></span></div>I am a Zionist</div><div class="quote" style="BORDER-RIGHT: rgb(204,204,204) 1px solid; PADDING-RIGHT: 5px; BORDER-TOP: rgb(204,204,204) 1px solid; PADDING-LEFT: 5px; BACKGROUND-IMAGE: url(http://static.thestudentroom.co.uk/newlayout/images/misc/quotes.gif); PADDING-BOTTOM: 5px; MARGIN: 5px 20px; BORDER-LEFT: rgb(204,204,204) 1px solid; PADDING-TOP: 5px; BORDER-BOTTOM: rgb(204,204,204) 1px solid; BACKGROUND-REPEAT: no-repeat; BACKGROUND-COLOR: rgb(255,255,255)"> </div></div></div></span></div><p></p><p></p><p class="Default" style="TEXT-ALIGN: justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="FONT-FAMILY: Verdana;font-family:Arial;font-size:9;" ><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><div style="mso-element: footnote-list"><div id="ftn29" style="mso-element: footnote"></div></div>Folderolhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00674335938397735100noreply@blogger.com5tag:blogger.com,1999:blog-6649679349532215723.post-31254735871034774602009-08-01T07:14:00.000-07:002010-07-30T05:48:18.855-07:00The Missed Peace I : June 19th Cabinet Decision<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">On June 19</span><sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">th</span></sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">, just nine days after the Six Day War had ended, the Israeli cabinet met and finalised an offer to exchange the whole of the Sinai and the Golan in for peace with </span><st1:country-region st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Egypt</span></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> and </span><st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Syria</span></st1:country-region></st1:place><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">.</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6649679349532215723&postID=3125473587103477460#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB;mso-bidi-language:AR-SAfont-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[1]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> It would make sense that every historian or commentator write about this proposal, and that has been the case, but there seems to be conflicting accounts of what happened with the proposal and how far it actually went. <o:p></o:p></span></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">The accounts I will be using are all from the ‘New Historians,’ Shlomo Ben-Ami (previous Foreign Minister of Israel) and Norman Finkelstein (by no means a friend of </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Israel</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">). The terms of the agreements are laid out by Shlaim:</span></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Full exchange of Sinai where the previous international border had been (meaning that </span><st1:country-region st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Egypt</span></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> would not retain </span><st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Gaza</span></st1:place></st1:city><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">). It also set out the ‘security needs of </span><st1:country-region st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Israel</span></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">’: (1) guarantee of freedom of navigation in the Straits of Tiran and Gulf of Aqaba; (2) guarantee of freedom of navigation in the Suez Canal; (3) guarantee of over-flight rights over the Straits and the </span><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Gulf of Aqaba</span></st1:place><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> and (4) complete demilitarisation of the Sinai.</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6649679349532215723&postID=3125473587103477460#_ftn2" name="_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB;mso-bidi-language:AR-SAfont-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[2]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> The first two are non-negotiable because peace should bring some sense of normalisation and this can only be secured by allowing free navigation through international waters. The third and fourth are somewhat negotiable (and I mean that reasonably, as in peace can be achieved with minor changes to that formula). However, it should be noted that when </span><st1:country-region st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Egypt</span></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> and </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Israel</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> finally did agree to peace, it did accept (4) and large chunks of the Sinai remain demilitarised to this day.</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6649679349532215723&postID=3125473587103477460#_ftn3" name="_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB;mso-bidi-language:AR-SAfont-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[3]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> That said, had the Egyptians attempted to negotiate, these minor changes might have been made and peace achieved. However, the question remains as to whether it was actually transmitted the Arab states – but what is agreeable is that this was a good proposition (so much so that Dean Rusk was surprised</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6649679349532215723&postID=3125473587103477460#_ftn4" name="_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB;mso-bidi-language:AR-SAfont-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[4]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Georgia, serif;"><st1:country-region st="on"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Syria</span></span></st1:country-region><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> was offered the Golan on the 1923 international border</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6649679349532215723&postID=3125473587103477460#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB;mso-bidi-language:AR-SAfont-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[5]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> - meaning that </span><st1:country-region st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Israel</span></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> would be offering almost 99% of what </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Syria</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> wanted. Ehud Barak offered this in 1999, but he was rebuffed because of </span><st1:country-region st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Syria</span></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">’s intransigence on the </span><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Lake</span></st1:place><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">.</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6649679349532215723&postID=3125473587103477460#_ftn6" name="_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB;mso-bidi-language:AR-SAfont-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[6]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span><st1:country-region st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Israel</span></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> also placed some ‘security needs’ onto </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Syria</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> in the cabinet decision of June 19</span><sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">th</span></sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">: (1) demilitarisation of the Golan; (2) no interference whatsoever with water sources from the River Jordan.</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6649679349532215723&postID=3125473587103477460#_ftn7" name="_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB;mso-bidi-language:AR-SAfont-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[7]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> Depending on a person’s political inclinations, they will consider these to be fair or unfair. It should be noted, however, that the 1923 border which was endorsed by the UN accepts in principle (2)</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6649679349532215723&postID=3125473587103477460#_ftn8" name="_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB;mso-bidi-language:AR-SAfont-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[8]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">. However, as with the Egypt-proposal, these are no doubt good places to start and (1) could be negotiable.</span></span></span></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Thus the conclusion can be drawn: the complete rejection of the deals is arguably unreasonable but the complete rejection and no offer for negotiations is even more unreasonable and cannot be justified especially in the case of </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Egypt</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> – who agreed to all of the principles in 1979. This being the case, the Arabs run the risk of having indirectly been responsible for the bloodshed that followed – but that all depends on whether it actually was transmitted.</span></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">The Accounts<o:p></o:p></span></span></b></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Shlomo Ben-Ami states the following;</span></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></span></i></p><i><blockquote><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">But was there on 19 June 1967 an </span><st1:country-region st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Israel</span></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> peace overture towards </span><st1:country-region st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Syria</span></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> and </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Egypt</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">? Did the Israeli cabinet end its deliberations on that day with a decision to convey concrete peace proposals to its Arab neighbours… or perhaps to ask the American administration to do so on its behalf? Notwithstanding Abba Eban… there seems to be no solid evidence to corroborate this claim. No formal peace proposal was made directly or indirectly by </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Israel</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">. The Americans… were not asked to convey it </span><st1:city st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Cairo</span></st1:city><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> or </span><st1:city st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Damascus</span></st1:city><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> nor were they given any inclinations that </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Israel</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> expected a reply. At its meeting on June 19 the Israeli government developed policy guidelines; it did not discuss a peace initiative nor did ever formalise as much.</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6649679349532215723&postID=3125473587103477460#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;mso-bidi-language:AR-SAfont-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[9]</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></a></blockquote><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6649679349532215723&postID=3125473587103477460#_ftn9" name="_ftnref9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;mso-bidi-language:AR-SAfont-family:";"></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></i><p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: normal; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">As Ben-Ami doesn’t give sources for most of his assertions in his book (I’m pretty sure there are no more than 20 footnotes in his whole book), it makes it hard to know where he derives his information. However, it is safe to assume that his main source for this claim is Shlaim and what he fails to mention is that it is not so much that the case that the Americans were not asked, but that the request is not mentioned in the record of the meeting (“Middle East Crisis”, Cables, Box 109).</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6649679349532215723&postID=3125473587103477460#_ftn10" name="_ftnref10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB;mso-bidi-language:AR-SAfont-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[10]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> He also states that this was not a ‘peace proposal’ but ‘policy guidelines’ – while I agree that these were not ‘concrete,’ ‘formal’ and comprehensive peace proposal – it was a peace proposal nonetheless. Indeed, the cabinet decision itself says ‘</span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Israel</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> proposes the conclusion of a peace agreement…’</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6649679349532215723&postID=3125473587103477460#_ftn11" name="_ftnref11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB;mso-bidi-language:AR-SAfont-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[11]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> this issue of whether the Americans did transmit it, will be handled in Shlaim’s account;</span></span></o:p></span></i></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-style: italic; "></span></span></o:p></span></p><blockquote><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">The American record of the meeting confirms that Rusk considered the Israeli terms not as ungenerous, but it makes no mention of a request by Eban to transmit these to </span><st1:country-region st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Egypt</span></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> or </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Syria</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">. Nor is there confirmation from Syrian or Egyptian sources… </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6649679349532215723&postID=3125473587103477460#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span style="font-family:Verdana;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;mso-bidi-language:AR-SAfont-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[12]</span></span></span></b></span></span></span></a></blockquote><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6649679349532215723&postID=3125473587103477460#_ftn12" name="_ftnref12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><b><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;mso-bidi-language:AR-SAfont-family:";"></span></span></span></b></span></span></span></a><p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">My objection to this is if Shlaim doesn’t want to believe Eban account of the request and rejection, then why does he accept the Syrian and Egyptian accounts given by Ismail Fahmy and Tahseen Bashir? Indeed, why would they have asked Ismail Fahmy? It is true that he was the UN representative for the UAR</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6649679349532215723&postID=3125473587103477460#_ftn13" name="_ftnref13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB;mso-bidi-language:AR-SAfont-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[13]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> but he was by no means noteable enough, he only became notable in the lead up to his appointment of Foreign Secretary.</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6649679349532215723&postID=3125473587103477460#_ftn14" name="_ftnref14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB;mso-bidi-language:AR-SAfont-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[14]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> Why would the </span><st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">US</span></st1:country-region></st1:place><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> transmit it through him when they had access to and meetings with Dr. Mahmoud Fawzi, Mr. Hassan Sabri al–Khouli and Mr. Mohammed Riad– all of whom are more notable and more apt for doing so?</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6649679349532215723&postID=3125473587103477460#_ftn15" name="_ftnref15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB;mso-bidi-language:AR-SAfont-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[15]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Nasser</span></st1:place><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> always kept his friends close and everyone else distant, he was a man of secrecy and a mere UN representative may not have been informed.</span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6649679349532215723&postID=3125473587103477460#_ftn16" name="_ftnref16" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB;mso-bidi-language:AR-SAfont-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[16]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> Quite frankly, these “Egyptian sources” which confirm that there were no offers are insufficient and even if they were, it simply does come down to Eban’s word vs. their word. This along with Morris’ account of what happened leads me to believe that Eban was telling the truth;</span></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Georgia, serif;"><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"></span></span></i></span></o:p></span></p><blockquote><i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">The cabinet on June 19 resolved that the former international boundaries… would be the basis for permanent borders… in exchange for peace. The decision was never made public. It was transmitted to the </span><st1:country-region st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">United States</span></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> government to pass on the </span><st1:country-region st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Egypt</span></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> and </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Syria</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">. Within days both countries had rejected the overture</span></span></i><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">. </span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6649679349532215723&postID=3125473587103477460#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB;mso-bidi-language:AR-SAfont-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[17]</span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></blockquote><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6649679349532215723&postID=3125473587103477460#_ftn17" name="_ftnref17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span style="font-family:Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB;mso-bidi-language:AR-SAfont-family:";"></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span><p></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Georgia, serif;"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">The source given for the rejection is not Eban, its David Korn – a former </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">US</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> diplomat – in his book ‘Stalemate: </span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi- mso-bidi-font-style:italicfont-family:Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">The War of Attrition and Great Power Diplomacy in the Middle East, 1967-1970</span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">.’ He served in </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Israel</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> during this period.</span></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6649679349532215723&postID=3125473587103477460#_ftn18" name="_ftnref18" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Verdana; mso-bidi-mso-bidi-font-style:italicfont-family:Arial;"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Verdana;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB; mso-bidi-language:AR-SA;mso-bidi-font-style:italicfont-family:Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[18]</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:Verdana; mso-bidi-mso-bidi-font-style:italicfont-family:Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> Looking through the American archives, I found something which no other book I have read mentions; Dean Rusk says to Soviet Foreign Minister Andrei Gromyko: </span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Georgia, serif;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style=" font-family:Verdana;mso-bidi-font-family:Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">“</span></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">I also told him I did not think that</span></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Israel</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">had any particular interest in trying to retain Egyptian or Syrian territory.</span></span></span><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">(This was based on an earlier conversation I had had with Eban.)</span></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:Georgia;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">”</span></span></span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Georgia;"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB;mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:";"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6649679349532215723&postID=3125473587103477460#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[<b>22</b>]</span></span></a></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></o:p></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Georgia, serif;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:Verdana; mso-bidi-mso-bidi-font-style:italicfont-family:Arial;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Georgia, serif;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Georgia;"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Georgia; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB;mso-bidi-language: AR-SAfont-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6649679349532215723&postID=3125473587103477460#_ftn1" name="_ftnref1" title=""></a></span></span><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">So now not only do we have Morris, Eban and Korn’s account confirming the rejection and transmissions. We have an insufficient confirmation on the part of the Egyptians and also American communication to an Egyptian ally of </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Israel</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">’s position. Even those who entertain the idea that it was not transmitted – would they have accepted? </span><st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Syria</span></st1:country-region></st1:place><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> is a definite no, they were offered almost the exact thing in 1999 and they turned it down.</span></span></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6649679349532215723&postID=3125473587103477460#_ftn19" name="_ftnref19" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Verdana;mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-Times New Roman";mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language: EN-GB;mso-bidi-language:AR-SAfont-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[19]</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Egypt</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">? In the discussions between the Americans and the Soviets the answer is no. The Soviets seem to insist on withdrawal before any full peace agreement.</span></span></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6649679349532215723&postID=3125473587103477460#_ftn20" name="_ftnref20" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB;mso-bidi-language:AR-SAfont-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[20]</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><o:p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Georgia, serif;"><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">It must be noted, that </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Israel</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> is not totally blameless here. They quickly had second thoughts – that’s not to say </span><st1:country-region st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Egypt</span></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> and </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Syria</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> couldn’t have accepted their offer – and started to reverse the cabinet decision. Finklestein points this out and also a somewhat sinister position of </span><st1:country-region st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Israel</span></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">: that </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Israel</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> had its security needs fresh in its head yet it offered the Sinai – this is not what leaders parroted over the next few years.</span></span></span><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6649679349532215723&postID=3125473587103477460#_ftn21" name="_ftnref21" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:Verdana; mso-fareast-font-family:"Times New Roman";mso-bidi-Times New Roman"; mso-ansi-language:EN-GB;mso-fareast-language:EN-GB;mso-bidi-language:AR-SAfont-family:";"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">[21]</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="apple-style-span"><span style="font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> </span><st1:country-region st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Israel</span></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> is also not blameless with regards to avoiding the 1973 war, Sadat offered peace in 1971 and </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Israel</span></st1:place></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> rejected (I will handle that in a future post) but it must be clear that the June 19</span><sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">th</span></sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"> cabinet decision was a missed peace.</span></span></span></span></o:p></span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Update [14/03/2010]</span></span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align:justify"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" color: rgb(51, 51, 51); line-height: 19px; font-family:Georgia, serif;font-size:12px;"></span></span></span></p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Verdana;"><p style="margin-top: 4.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-left: 0cm; line-height: 12pt; "><span style=" color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:small;">I had established that Avi Shlaim’s account seemed wrong for several reasons: (1) it takes the account of Egyptian and Syrian ministers who would not have likely be informed of the proposal, (2) he would have to give supremacy to the aforementioned accounts instead of Eban's, (3) there is evidence of an ally of the Egyptians being informed about the proposal, and (4) the accounts given by Morris and Korn.</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:small;"> I managed to get a copy of Korn’s book. After stating the proposal, and the Americans being told of it, he goes on to say:</span><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 4.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-left: 0cm; line-height: 12pt; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:small;"><span style=" color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family:Verdana;"></span></span></p><blockquote style="line-height: 1.3em; margin-top: 1em; margin-right: 20px; margin-bottom: 1em; margin-left: 20px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:small;">A few days later, the Americans informed Eban that </span><st1:country-region st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:small;">Egypt</span></st1:country-region><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:small;"> and</span><st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:small;">Syria</span></st1:country-region></st1:place><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:small;"> had rejected the Israeli proposals outright.</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:small;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6649679349532215723&postID=8289651565596266242#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title="" style="color: rgb(85, 136, 170); text-decoration: none; ">[</a>24]</span></span></span></span></span></blockquote><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6649679349532215723&postID=8289651565596266242#_ftn5" name="_ftnref5" title="" style="color: rgb(85, 136, 170); text-decoration: none; "><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:small;"><span style=" color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family:Verdana;"></span></span></span></span></span></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:small;"><o:p></o:p></span><p></p><p style="margin-top: 4.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-left: 0cm; line-height: 12pt; "><span style=" color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:small;">The account he provides of the proposal is interviews from </span><i><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:small;">both </span></i><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:small;">Israeli and American diplomats (coincidentally, he himself being an American diplomat during the period).</span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:small;"> Thus, Shlaim's claim cannot be extrapolated to all American accounts.</span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 4.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-left: 0cm; line-height: 12pt; "><span style=" color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family:Verdana;"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family:Verdana;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" ;font-size:small;">Update 2 [30/07/2010]</span></span></span></span></span></span></p><p style="margin-top: 4.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-left: 0cm; line-height: 12pt; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;">The evidence against Shlaim's account (lack of Egyptian sources, Eban, Korn's account, Morris' account and American documentation) should lead the reader to conclude that this really was a missed peace - one which the Arabs threw away. However, there is now even more evidence against the Arabs. In a recent interview, Peres points out something which makes Shlaim's account that the Arabs didn't know a ridiculous assertion: </span></p><p style="margin-top: 4.8pt; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 12pt; margin-left: 0cm; line-height: 12pt; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif; line-height: 17px; "></span></span></p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color:#333333;"><blockquote>[The decision was to withdraw back to] the international frontier [in exchange for peace], yes. [A similar proposal was not made vis-à-vis the West Bank] as Jordan’s annexation of the West Bank [in 1948-1950] wasn’t [internationally] recognized, except by Pakistan [and Britain]. T<b>he offer to Egypt and Syria was also made publicly. In a Knesset speech. They knew about it.[25]</b></blockquote></span><p></p></span><p></p> <div style="mso-element:footnote-list"><div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn1"><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'Gill Sans MT', serif;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="line-height: 19px; font-family:Verdana, serif;"></span></span></span></p><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:'Gill Sans MT', serif;font-size:100%;"><div class="smallfont" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 2px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; font-size:12px;"><a rel="nofollow" onclick="if (this.parentNode.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div')[1].getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display != '') { this.parentNode.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div')[1].getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display = ''; } else { this.parentNode.parentNode.getElementsByTagName('div')[1].getElementsByTagName('div')[0].style.display = 'none'; }" style="text-decoration: none; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:small;">Notes and Sources</span></a></div><div class="alt2" style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 6px; padding-right: 6px; padding-bottom: 6px; padding-left: 6px; background-image: initial; background-repeat: initial; background-attachment: initial; -webkit-background-clip: initial; -webkit-background-origin: initial; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: inset; border-right-style: inset; border-bottom-style: inset; border-left-style: inset; border-color: initial; "><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; display: none; "><div class="quote" style="margin-top: 5px; margin-right: 20px; margin-bottom: 5px; margin-left: 20px; padding-top: 5px; padding-right: 5px; padding-bottom: 5px; padding-left: 5px; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); background-image: url(http://static.thestudentroom.co.uk/newlayout/images/misc/quotes.gif); background-repeat: no-repeat; border-top-width: 1px; border-right-width: 1px; border-bottom-width: 1px; border-left-width: 1px; border-top-style: solid; border-right-style: solid; border-bottom-style: solid; border-left-style: solid; border-top-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-right-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-bottom-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); border-left-color: rgb(204, 204, 204); "><div style="margin-top: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; padding-top: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(68, 68, 68); "><p class="MsoNormal"><a name="_ftn1"></a><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size:x-small;"></span></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn1"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftnref1#_ftnref1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" text-decoration: none; font-family:'Gill Sans MT';">[1]</span></span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;">Image and Reality, Finklestein, p.151 (Verso, 2003), The Iron Wall, Shlaim, p.253 (Penguin, 2000), Scars of War, Ben-Ami, p.123 (<st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:city st="on"><st1:place st="on">Phoenix</st1:place></st1:city></st1:place></st1:city>, 2006), Righteous Victims, Morris, p.330 (Vintage, 2001).<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span> <o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn2"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftnref2#_ftnref2" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" text-decoration: none; font-family:'Gill Sans MT';">[2]</span></span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;">Shlaim, p.253<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn3"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftnref3#_ftnref3" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" text-decoration: none; font-family:'Gill Sans MT';">[3]</span></span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;">Morrs, p.484-6<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn4"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftnref4#_ftnref4" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" text-decoration: none; font-family:'Gill Sans MT';">[4]</span></span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;">Shlaim, p.254<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn5"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftnref5#_ftnref5" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" text-decoration: none; font-family:'Gill Sans MT';">[5]</span></span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;">Ibid, p.254 – It would not have been the June 4<sup><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-size: medium;">th</span></sup><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>lines because all sources says International border and Israel’s second ‘security need’ was the non-interference in the water from the River Jordan which could either mean 1) just the river; 2) ipso facto Lake Tiberius or 3) show Israel unwillingeness to budge even from the rivers and thus show the full unwillingness on the lake.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn6"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftnref6#_ftnref6" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" text-decoration: none; font-family:'Gill Sans MT';">[6]</span></span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;">Morris, p.654-5, and also for a concise explanation see Morris’ account here:<a href="http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f8j6RDlYKA0">http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f8j6RDlYKA0</a><span class="apple-converted-space"> </span>– Syria seems to claim that Israel has ‘stolen’ its land but insists on taking land it took in the ’48 war, but that logic: why can’t Israel take land it gained in ’67? Obviously no one is going to follow that logic – myself included – but it does show a somewhat hypocritical stance.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn7"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftnref7#_ftnref7" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" text-decoration: none; font-family:'Gill Sans MT';">[7]</span></span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;">Shlaim, p.253<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn8"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftnref8#_ftnref8" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" text-decoration: none; font-family:'Gill Sans MT';">[8]</span></span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;">Morris’ account, see footnote 6.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn9"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftnref9#_ftnref9" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" text-decoration: none; font-family:'Gill Sans MT';">[9]</span></span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;">Ben-Ami, p.123<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn10"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftnref10#_ftnref10" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" text-decoration: none; font-family:'Gill Sans MT';">[10]</span></span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;">Shlaim, p.254 and p.623: footnote 55 – Ben-Ami’s bibliography does include Shlaim’s ‘The Iron Wall’ – the document can be found here:<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="http://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v19/d314">http://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v19/d314</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn11"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftnref11#_ftnref11" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" text-decoration: none; font-family:'Gill Sans MT';">[11]</span></span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;">Ibid, p.253<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn12"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftnref12#_ftnref12" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" text-decoration: none; font-family:'Gill Sans MT';">[12]</span></span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;">Ibid, p.254<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn13"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftnref13#_ftnref13" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" text-decoration: none; font-family:'Gill Sans MT';">[13]</span></span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><a href="http://www.nytimes.com/1983/06/19/books/an-egyptian-foreign-minister-s-memoirs.html">http://www.nytimes.com/1983/06/19/books/an-egyptian-foreign-minister-s-memoirs.html</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn14"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftnref14#_ftnref14" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" text-decoration: none; font-family:'Gill Sans MT';">[14]</span></span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;">Ibid - he became FM in 1970s.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn15"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftnref15#_ftnref15" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" text-decoration: none; font-family:'Gill Sans MT';">[15]</span></span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><a href="http://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v19/d312">http://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v19/d312</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn16"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftnref16#_ftnref16" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" text-decoration: none; font-family:'Gill Sans MT';">[16]</span></span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;">Economic aid and American policy toward<span class="apple-converted-space"> </span><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on"><st1:country-region st="on"><st1:place st="on">Egypt</st1:place></st1:country-region></st1:place></st1:country-region>, 1955-1981 By William Joseph Burns<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn17"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftnref17#_ftnref17" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" text-decoration: none; font-family:'Gill Sans MT';">[17]</span></span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;">Morris, p.330<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn18"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftnref18#_ftnref18" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" text-decoration: none; font-family:'Gill Sans MT';">[18]</span></span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;">A History of Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, Tessler, p.813, footnote 96<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn19"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftnref19#_ftnref19" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" text-decoration: none; font-family:'Gill Sans MT';">[19]</span></span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;">See footnote six.<o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn20"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftnref20#_ftnref20" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" text-decoration: none; font-family:'Gill Sans MT';">[20]</span></span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"><a href="http://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v19/d321">http://history.state.gov/historicaldocuments/frus1964-68v19/d321</a><o:p></o:p></span></p> <p class="MsoFootnoteText"><a name="_ftn21"></a><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-create.g?blogID=6649679349532215723#_ftnref21#_ftnref21" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style=" text-decoration: none; font-family:'Gill Sans MT';">[21]</span></span></a><span class="apple-converted-space"><span style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;"> </span></span><span style="font-family:Georgia;color:black;">Finklestein, p.152 - that's not to say that I trust Finklestein. I am simply sourcing him to avoid accusations of plagiarism: he made me aware of the fact that Israel security needs seem to be vanquished in this deal but then use in the subsequent years and thus am giving him credit. I do not doubt the veracity of these indisputable claims</span></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Georgia, serif;color:#000000;"><a href="http://www.blogger.com/post-edit.g?blogID=6649679349532215723&postID=3125473587103477460#_ftnref1" name="_ftn1" title=""><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span class="MsoFootnoteReference"><span style="font-family:'Gill Sans MT';">[22]</span></span></span></a> <a href="http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/johnsonlb/xix/28062.htm">http://www.state.gov/r/pa/ho/frus/johnsonlb/xix/28062.htm</a></span></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Georgia, serif;color:#000000;">[23] <span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: 19px; font-family:Georgia;">Stalemate, The War of Attrittion and the Great Power Diplomacy in the Middle East 1967-1970, David A Korn, p.15 (Westview Press, 1992).</span></span></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Georgia, serif;color:#000000;">[24] <span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: 19px; font-family:Georgia;">A History of Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, Tessler, p.813, footnote 96</span></span></p><p class="MsoFootnoteText"><span class="Apple-style-span" style="font-family:Georgia, serif;color:#000000;"><span class="Apple-style-span" style=" line-height: 19px; font-family:Georgia;">[25] </span></span><span class="Apple-style-span" style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); "><a href="http://www.tabletmag.com/news-and-politics/40409/making-history/3/">http://www.tabletmag.com/news-and-politics/40409/making-history/3/</a></span></p></span><p></p></span></div></div></div></div></span><p></p></div><div style="mso-element:footnote" id="ftn21"> </div></div>Folderolhttp://www.blogger.com/profile/00674335938397735100noreply@blogger.com2